Glennon Emma E, Restif Olivier, Sbarbaro Silke Riesle, Garnier Romain, Cunningham Andrew A, Suu-Ire Richard D, Osei-Amponsah Richard, Wood James L N, Peel Alison J
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Vet J. 2018 Mar;233:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.024. Epub 2017 Dec 30.
Bat-borne viruses carry undeniable risks to the health of human beings and animals, and there is growing recognition of the need for a 'One Health' approach to understand their frequently complex spill-over routes. While domesticated animals can play central roles in major spill-over events of zoonotic bat-borne viruses, for example during the pig-amplified Malaysian Nipah virus outbreak of 1998-1999, the extent of their potential to act as bridging or amplifying species for these viruses has not been characterised systematically. This review aims to compile current knowledge on the role of domesticated animals as hosts of two types of bat-borne viruses, henipaviruses and filoviruses. A systematic literature search of these virus-host interactions in domesticated animals identified 72 relevant studies, which were categorised by year, location, design and type of evidence generated. The review then focusses on Africa as a case study, comparing research efforts in domesticated animals and bats with the distributions of documented human cases. Major gaps remain in our knowledge of the potential ability of domesticated animals to contract or spread these zoonoses. Closing these gaps will be necessary to fully evaluate and mitigate spill-over risks of these viruses, especially with global agricultural intensification.
蝙蝠传播的病毒对人类和动物的健康构成了不可否认的风险，人们越来越认识到需要采取“同一健康”方法来了解其频繁出现的复杂传播途径。虽然家养动物在人畜共患的蝙蝠传播病毒的重大传播事件中可能发挥核心作用，例如在1998 - 1999年猪传播的马来西亚尼帕病毒疫情期间，但它们作为这些病毒的桥梁或扩增物种的潜在程度尚未得到系统的描述。本综述旨在汇编关于家养动物作为两种蝙蝠传播病毒（亨尼帕病毒和丝状病毒）宿主作用的现有知识。对家养动物中这些病毒 - 宿主相互作用的系统文献检索确定了72项相关研究，这些研究按年份、地点、设计和所产生证据的类型进行了分类。然后，本综述将非洲作为一个案例研究，将家养动物和蝙蝠的研究工作与记录的人类病例分布进行比较。我们对家养动物感染或传播这些人畜共患病的潜在能力的了解仍然存在重大差距。缩小这些差距对于全面评估和减轻这些病毒的传播风险至关重要，尤其是在全球农业集约化的情况下。
