Richter Vincent, Rist Anna, Kislinger Georg, Laumann Michael, Schoofs Andreas, Miroschnikow Anton, Pankratz Michael J, Cardona Albert, Thum Andreas S
Department of Genetics, Leipzig University, Institute for Biology, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Elife. 2025 Jun 16;12:RP91155. doi: 10.7554/eLife.91155.
Sensory perception is the ability through which an organism is able to process sensory stimuli from the environment. This stimulus is transmitted from the peripheral sensory organs to the central nervous system, where it is interpreted. larvae possess peripheral sense organs on their head, thoracic, and abdominal segments. These are specialized to receive diverse environmental information, such as olfactory, gustatory, temperature, or mechanosensory signals. In this work, we complete the description of the morphology of external larval sensilla and provide a comprehensive map of the ultrastructure of the different types of sensilla that comprise them. This was achieved by 3D electron microscopic analysis of partial and whole body volumes, which contain high-resolution and complete three-dimensional data of the anatomy of the sensilla and adjacent ganglia. Our analysis revealed three main types of sensilla on thoracic and abdominal segments: the papilla sensillum, the hair sensillum, and the knob sensillum. They occur solitary or organized in compound sensilla such as the thoracic keilin's organ or the terminal sensory cones. We present a spatial map defining these sensilla by their position on thoracic and abdominal segments. Furthermore, we identify and name the sensilla at the larval head and the last fused abdominal segments. We show that mechanosensation dominates in the larval peripheral nervous system, as most sensilla have corresponding structural properties. The result of this work, the construction of a complete structural and neuronal map of the external larval sensilla, provides the basis for following molecular and functional studies to understand which sensory strategies the larva employs to orient itself in its natural environment.
感觉知觉是生物体能够处理来自环境的感觉刺激的能力。这种刺激从外周感觉器官传递到中枢神经系统，并在那里进行解释。幼虫在其头部、胸部和腹部节段拥有外周感觉器官。这些器官专门用于接收各种环境信息，如嗅觉、味觉、温度或机械感觉信号。在这项工作中，我们完成了幼虫外部感器形态的描述，并提供了构成这些感器的不同类型感器超微结构的综合图谱。这是通过对部分和全身体积进行三维电子显微镜分析实现的，该分析包含了感器和相邻神经节解剖结构的高分辨率和完整三维数据。我们的分析揭示了胸部和腹部节段上的三种主要感器类型：乳头状感器、毛状感器和瘤状感器。它们单独出现或组织成复合感器，如胸部的凯林氏器官或末端感觉锥。我们展示了一张空间图谱，通过它们在胸部和腹部节段上的位置来定义这些感器。此外，我们识别并命名了幼虫头部和最后融合腹部节段的感器。我们表明，机械感觉在幼虫外周神经系统中占主导地位，因为大多数感器具有相应的结构特性。这项工作的结果，即构建幼虫外部感器的完整结构和神经元图谱，为后续的分子和功能研究提供了基础，以了解幼虫在自然环境中采用哪些感觉策略来定位自己。
