Mallari Praveen, Rostami Leila D, Alanko Ida, Howaili Fadak, Ran Meixin, Bansal Kuldeep K, Rosenholm Jessica M, Salo-Ahen Outi M H
Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
Pharm Res. 2025 Jun 16. doi: 10.1007/s11095-025-03871-x.
The rapid occurrence of bacterial antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. Since particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are becoming untreatable with currently available antibiotics, new treatment modalities must be deployed.
This review explores the recent advancements and the enduring challenges in new antibacterial development for drug-resistant organisms.
We describe how bacterial resistance to antibiotics arises and discuss why the traditional drug discovery routes are inefficient. The best alternative strategies to overcome these challenges might include exploring new bacterial pathways, utilizing compounds with antibacterial activities from the human microbiome, and repurposing existing drugs. Moreover, novel drug delivery mechanisms that leverage, for example, nanotechnology-based carriers may be breakthrough ideas that can increase antibiotic efficacy and, at the same time, reduce toxicity. Current clinical trials of next-generation drugs indicate that some treatments possess excellent potential to overcome the MDR issue.
Despite the substantial obstacles to getting bench findings to the patient, numerous scientists are still working towards this goal. Both the application of antibiotic stewardship principles and timely considerations through the regulatory pathways are needed to release the next generation of antibiotics that are suitable for the fight against superbugs.
细菌抗生素耐药性的迅速出现对全球公共卫生构成了重大威胁。由于特别是多重耐药（MDR）病原体正变得无法用目前可用的抗生素治疗，因此必须采用新的治疗方式。
本综述探讨了耐药生物体新型抗菌药物研发的最新进展和持续存在的挑战。
我们描述了细菌对抗生素的耐药性是如何产生的，并讨论了传统药物发现途径效率低下的原因。克服这些挑战的最佳替代策略可能包括探索新的细菌途径、利用来自人类微生物群的具有抗菌活性的化合物以及重新利用现有药物。此外，利用例如基于纳米技术的载体的新型药物递送机制可能是能够提高抗生素疗效并同时降低毒性的突破性想法。目前下一代药物的临床试验表明，一些治疗方法具有克服多重耐药问题的巨大潜力。
尽管将实验室研究结果应用于患者存在重大障碍，但众多科学家仍在朝着这一目标努力。需要应用抗生素管理原则并通过监管途径及时进行考量，以推出适合对抗超级细菌的下一代抗生素。
