Cieplok A, Czerniawski R, Spyra A
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia Katowice Poland.
Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology University of Szczecin Szczecin Poland.
Ecol Evol. 2025 Jun 16;15(6):e71541. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71541. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Benthic invertebrates utilized as indicators of river ecological status were examined within the river situated in agricultural catchments as a model system to assess the significance of agricultural pollution in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). The extensive study revealed variations in the physicochemical parameters of the water over the years, including pH, NO, NH, total dissolved solids, salinity, chlorides, and dissolved oxygen. Notably, the maximum density of invertebrates consistently showed a significant increase during the spring compared to the autumn, while multimetric index values remained comparable. The ecological status fluctuated over the years, with classifications ranging from good and moderate in 2014, moderate in 2017, to good and poor in 2020 and 2023. The significance of the long-term monitoring study lies in the evolving impact of parameters on the river's ecological status, index component metrics, and MMI values. Additionally, the number of variables exhibiting a significant relationship with individual component metrics has expanded over time. Seasonal variations, as indicated by redundancy analysis results, demonstrated that chlorophyll and chlorides (in spring) and conductivity (in the autumn) significantly influenced seven metrics and the water quality class. While differences in component metric values were observed in specific years, the water quality class remained comparable over the long term in the two seasons. In the seasons, the MMI_PL value and the quality class were comparable. However, individual component metrics were influenced by various environmental factors, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in interpreting the results of benthic macroinvertebrate studies.
作为河流生态状况指标的底栖无脊椎动物，在位于农业集水区的河流中进行了研究，该河流作为一个模型系统，以根据欧洲水框架指令（WFD）评估农业污染的重要性。广泛的研究揭示了多年来水的物理化学参数的变化，包括pH值、硝酸盐、铵、总溶解固体、盐度、氯化物和溶解氧。值得注意的是，与秋季相比，春季无脊椎动物的最大密度始终显著增加，而多指标指数值保持相当。多年来生态状况波动，分类范围从2014年的良好和中等、2017年的中等，到2020年和2023年的良好和较差。长期监测研究的重要性在于参数对河流生态状况、指数组成指标和MMI值的不断演变的影响。此外，与各个组成指标呈现显著关系的变量数量随着时间的推移而增加。冗余分析结果表明，季节性变化显示，叶绿素和氯化物（春季）以及电导率（秋季）对七个指标和水质类别有显著影响。虽然在特定年份观察到组成指标值存在差异，但两个季节的水质类别长期保持相当。在不同季节，MMI_PL值和水质类别相当。然而，各个组成指标受到各种环境因素的影响，这突出了在解释底栖大型无脊椎动物研究结果时考虑这些因素的重要性。
