Heilbrun A B, Heilbrun M R
Br J Clin Psychol. 1985 Sep;24 ( Pt 3):181-95. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01333.x.
Previous research has failed to relate psychopathy to an increased risk for violence, but several proposed psychopathic typologies have suggested the possibility of isolating more dangerous subtypes. One typology, based upon psychopathy and intelligence, has identified the low IQ psychopath as excessively violent judged by his history of violent crime. A second typology involving psychopathy and social withdrawal predicts greater dangerousness for both the outgoing and the withdrawn psychopath depending upon circumstance. The present study confirmed the dangerousness of the low IQ and withdrawn psychopaths in their prison behaviour and the low IQ psychopath on parole. The attempt to develop a more homogeneous type of dangerous psychopath by increasing the number of defining attributes was successful. The highest prison and parole dangerousness scores in the prisoner sample were obtained by those who shared four attributes. They were (1) psychopaths, who (2) had low IQs, (3) were socially withdrawn, and (4) had a history of prior violent crime.
以往的研究未能将精神病态与暴力风险增加联系起来，但一些提出的精神病态类型学表明，有可能分离出更危险的亚型。一种基于精神病态和智力的类型学，根据低智商精神病患者的暴力犯罪史判断其具有过度暴力倾向。第二种涉及精神病态和社交退缩的类型学预测，外向型和退缩型精神病患者在不同情况下都具有更大的危险性。本研究证实了低智商和退缩型精神病患者在监狱行为中的危险性，以及低智商精神病患者在假释期间的危险性。通过增加定义属性的数量来开发一种更同质的危险精神病患者类型的尝试是成功的。囚犯样本中监狱和假释危险性得分最高的是那些具备四个属性的人。他们是：（1）精神病患者，（2）智商低，（3）社交退缩，（4）有暴力犯罪前科。
