Auquière Marie, Muccioli Giulio G, des Rieux Anne
Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2025 Jun;14(6):e70097. doi: 10.1002/jev2.70097.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, the efficient loading of therapeutic molecules into EV and the subsequent purification of drug-loaded EV from unloaded drugs remain significant challenges. This review explores the most used methods for EV purification, meaning the separation of drug-loaded EV from unloaded drugs, including ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, dialysis and commercial exosome isolation kits. The principles, advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. Critical parameters such as molecular weight cutoff, membrane composition, and the nature of the loaded molecule are highlighted for their impact on the purification process. The review also addresses the technical aspects, including time, cost and equipment requirements, and emphasizes the need for standardized guidelines to improve reproducibility and comparability across studies. By providing a comprehensive overview of current purification strategies, this review aims to guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate methods for advancing EV-based drug delivery systems.
细胞外囊泡（EV）已成为一种很有前景的药物递送纳米载体。然而，将治疗性分子有效装载到EV中以及随后从未装载药物中纯化载药EV仍然是重大挑战。本综述探讨了最常用的EV纯化方法，即将载药EV与未装载药物分离的方法，包括超速离心、密度梯度离心、超滤、尺寸排阻色谱、透析和商业外泌体分离试剂盒。讨论了每种方法的原理、优点和局限性。强调了诸如截留分子量、膜组成和装载分子性质等关键参数对纯化过程的影响。该综述还涉及技术方面，包括时间、成本和设备要求，并强调需要标准化指南以提高研究之间的可重复性和可比性。通过全面概述当前的纯化策略，本综述旨在指导研究人员选择最合适的方法来推进基于EV的药物递送系统。
