Aliyu Mansur, Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar, Getso Muhammad Ibrahim, Zohora Fatema Tuz
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jun 17. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01804-z.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by myelin degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to significant neurological impairment. Affecting approximately 2.8 million people globally and has a multifactorial aetiology involving genetic predispositions and environmental factors, particularly dietary influences. This review explores the emerging field of immuno-nutritional therapy as a novel approach for managing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely accepted animal model of MS. We highlight the therapeutic potential of key nutritional components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamins A and D, which have been shown to modulate immune responses and promote neuroprotection. These nutrients exert their effects by regulating cytokine profiles, enhancing regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation, and maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly modulate disease severity and progression in EAE, offering valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for MS patients. However, translating the findings from EAE models to human MS requires careful consideration of differences in immune responses and environmental factors. Future clinical trials designed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of dietary interventions across diverse MS populations are essential. By integrating immunomodulatory treatments with tailored nutritional strategies, there is a potential for innovative therapies that can alter disease trajectories and improve patient outcomes. A collaborative approach among nutrition scientists, immunologists, and neurologists could pave the way for effective immuno-nutritional therapies in MS management, enhancing the quality of life of those affected by this debilitating condition.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是中枢神经系统（CNS）中的髓鞘变性，导致严重的神经功能障碍。全球约有280万人受其影响，病因是多因素的，涉及遗传易感性和环境因素，特别是饮食影响。本综述探讨了免疫营养疗法这一新兴领域，将其作为治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的一种新方法，EAE是一种被广泛认可的MS动物模型。我们强调了关键营养成分的治疗潜力，如ω-3脂肪酸、多酚以及维生素A和D，这些成分已被证明可调节免疫反应并促进神经保护。这些营养素通过调节细胞因子谱、增强调节性T细胞（Treg）分化以及维持血脑屏障（BBB）完整性来发挥作用。有证据表明，饮食干预可显著调节EAE的疾病严重程度和进展，为MS患者的潜在治疗策略提供了有价值的见解。然而，将EAE模型的研究结果转化为人类MS的治疗需要仔细考虑免疫反应和环境因素的差异。未来旨在评估不同MS人群饮食干预长期疗效的临床试验至关重要。通过将免疫调节治疗与定制的营养策略相结合，有可能开发出创新疗法，改变疾病发展轨迹并改善患者预后。营养科学家、免疫学家和神经学家之间的合作方法可为MS管理中的有效免疫营养疗法铺平道路，提高受这种致残性疾病影响者的生活质量。
