Hemorrhagic changes in experimental spinal cord injury models.

Early hemorrhagic changes in the spinal cord were compared in three experimental spinal cord injury models in the rat in order to determine the nature and consistency of spinal cord hemorrhage following specific and quantitated forces of injury. The spinal cords were injured by weight-dropping, aneurysm clip and extradural balloon compression techniques. Hemorrhagic changes were assessed quantitatively by the image analyser at 1 and 3 hours after injury. Tissue damage was assessed by determining the percentage of total cross sectional area containing hemorrhage. The extent of hemorrhage at site of injury in the clip and balloon preparations was equal, but several times lower in the weight-drop induced injury. Within each experimental group no appreciable differences were observed at the site of injury between the 1 and 3 hours preparations. The variability of damage within experimental groups was most in the weight-dropping and balloon and least in the clip preparations. Differences were also indicated with respect to the distribution of hemorrhage in grey versus white matter. These findings may be of significance when functional recovery is considered in various experimental acute spinal cord injury models.