Chen Zeng-Bing
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Fundam Res. 2023 Oct 29;5(3):999-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.004. eCollection 2025 May.
It was known long ago that quantum theory and general relativity are in sharp conflict in their foundations. Their fundamental inconsistencies render a consistent theory of quantum gravity the most challenging problem in physics. Here we propose an information-complete quantum field theory (ICQFT), which describes elementary fermions, their gauge fields, and gravity (together, called the trinary fields) as an elementary trinity without any conceptual inconsistency of existing theories. The ICQFT unifies matter and spacetime (gravity) as information via spacetime-matter entanglement, which encodes complete physical predictions of the theory and leads to a compelling solution to the problem of time. We consider two particular forms of spacetime-matter entangled states and their physical consequences. One of them results in a universal relation between entanglement entropy and geometry (area and volume), allowing us to determine the cosmological constant term in the classical Einstein equation. Based on a quantum-information definition of dark energy, our Universe is not strictly holographic. We predict the interior quantum state of a Schwarzschild black hole to be maximally information-complete. As a concrete quantum formulation of gravity coupled with matter, the ICQFT is quantum entanglement dynamics for spacetime and matter and eliminates the conceptual obstacles of existing quantum gravity theory.
很久以前就知道，量子理论和广义相对论在其基础上存在着尖锐的冲突。它们的根本不一致使得量子引力的一致理论成为物理学中最具挑战性的问题。在此，我们提出一种信息完备量子场论（ICQFT），它将基本费米子、其规范场和引力（统称为三元场）描述为一个基本的三位一体，不存在现有理论的任何概念上的不一致。ICQFT通过时空 - 物质纠缠将物质和时空（引力）统一为信息，这种纠缠编码了该理论的完整物理预测，并为时间问题带来了令人信服的解决方案。我们考虑了时空 - 物质纠缠态的两种特殊形式及其物理后果。其中之一导致了纠缠熵与几何（面积和体积）之间的普遍关系，使我们能够确定经典爱因斯坦方程中的宇宙常数项。基于暗能量的量子信息定义，我们的宇宙并非严格全息的。我们预测史瓦西黑洞的内部量子态是最大信息完备的。作为引力与物质耦合的具体量子表述，ICQFT是时空和物质的量子纠缠动力学，消除了现有量子引力理论的概念障碍。
