Sun Yijie, Xu Shuang, Zhang Yujing, Wang Yuxin, Zhang Jianzhong, Li Xiangqian, Zhou Cheng
Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Beijing, China.
Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 2;16:1581976. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581976. eCollection 2025.
Alopecia areata (AA) is primarily associated with a Type 1 (Th1) inflammatory response, but emerging evidence also suggests a potential contribution of Type 2 (Th2) immunity. However, the relationship between IgE levels and pathogenesis of AA, as well as its clinical features, remains unclear, with limited and conflicting evidence in current research. This study aims to compare the total serum IgE levels between AA patients without atopic diseases and healthy controls, and to examine the correlation of IgE levels with gender, age, disease severity, disease duration, and affection of eyebrows, eyelashes, and nails.
AA patients without other hair loss diseases and conditions, or systemic treatment known to affect serum IgE were included. Medical records of 436 patients and 181 normal controls were retrospectively analyzed between May 2018 and November 2024. Among AA patients, clinical features and total serum IgE levels were analyzed.
The elevated total serum IgE rate was observed in 31.0% of AA patients, which was significantly higher than that in control groups (P < 0.001). Among AA patients, total serum IgE levels differed significantly by gender (P = 0.002), age (P < 0.001), and disease severity (P = 0.040). Patients with alopecia universalis or totalis (AU/AT) had higher total serum IgE levels compared to those with localized AA (P = 0.049). No significant correlation was found between total serum IgE levels and disease duration.
Our research reveal that total serum IgE levels are elevated in AA patients compared to control group. Male patients, children, and individuals with moderate-severe AA patients showed significantly higher IgE levels. These results suggest the involvement of IgE and Th2 cytokines in AA pathogenesis.
斑秃（AA）主要与1型（Th1）炎症反应相关，但新出现的证据也表明2型（Th2）免疫可能发挥作用。然而，IgE水平与AA发病机制及其临床特征之间的关系仍不明确，目前研究中的证据有限且相互矛盾。本研究旨在比较无特应性疾病的AA患者与健康对照者的血清总IgE水平，并探讨IgE水平与性别、年龄、疾病严重程度、病程以及眉毛、睫毛和指甲受累情况的相关性。
纳入无其他脱发疾病及已知会影响血清IgE的全身治疗的AA患者。回顾性分析了2018年5月至2024年11月期间436例患者和181例正常对照的病历。对AA患者的临床特征和血清总IgE水平进行了分析。
31.0%的AA患者血清总IgE水平升高，显著高于对照组（P < 0.001）。在AA患者中，血清总IgE水平在性别（P = 0.002）、年龄（P < 0.001）和疾病严重程度（P = 0.040）方面存在显著差异。泛发性或全秃性斑秃（AU/AT）患者的血清总IgE水平高于局限性AA患者（P = 0.049）。血清总IgE水平与病程之间未发现显著相关性。
我们的研究表明，与对照组相比，AA患者的血清总IgE水平升高。男性患者、儿童以及中重度AA患者的IgE水平显著更高。这些结果提示IgE和Th2细胞因子参与了AA的发病机制。
