De Maio Marianna, Montenegro Simone, Papale Olga, Serafini Sofia, Prestanti Iris, Izzicupo Pascal, Abalasei Beatrice-Aurelia, Alonso Del Hierro Tara, Çalışkan Burak, Di Baldassarre Angela, Ege Håkon, Figueiredo Antonio José, Ghinassi Barbara, González-García Higinio, Onose Ionut, Onose Raluca-Mihaela, Perissinotto Matteo, Molinari Andrea, Ramírez-Muñoz Amaia, Sánchez-Pato Antonio, Stanković Nemanja, Stojiljković Nenad, Abelkalns Ilvis, Doupona Mojca, Capranica Laura, Fusco Andrea
Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Jun 3;7:1566208. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1566208. eCollection 2025.
Dual career (DC) athletes face significant challenges in balancing dual demands of academic and athletic commitments. A scoping review of 25 studies published between 2014 and 2024 included data from over 3,000 student-athletes across 23 countries, with 88.5% focused on European contexts. Most adopted qualitative (52%) or quantitative (44%) approaches, with one study (4%) using a mixed method. Findings, synthesized using PRISMA guidelines, addressed logistical, social, financial, tutorship, curricula, and policy aspects. Recurring barriers included a lack of flexible educational programs, insufficient financial aid, and limited access to proximate sports and facilities. Social support systems, such as mentorship and institutional committees, emerged as essential for engagement and reducing isolation. European athletes frequently cited the need for improved financial support, highlighting scholarships and fee waivers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning strategies supported educational adherence and reduced stress, emphasizing their potential as flexible tool for addressing DC demands. However, disparities in policy implementation and service provision persist, with studies identifying cohesive institutional strategies for DC athletes. These findings underscore the need to develop harmonized frameworks across Europe, prioritizing integrated logistical planning, expanded financial support and tailored curricula. Broader perspectives from stakeholders are needed to enable DC athletes to thrive academically and athletically.
双重职业（DC）运动员在平衡学业和运动任务的双重需求上面临重大挑战。一项对2014年至2024年间发表的25项研究的范围综述纳入了来自23个国家的3000多名学生运动员的数据，其中88.5%的研究聚焦于欧洲背景。大多数研究采用定性（52%）或定量（44%）方法，有一项研究（4%）采用混合方法。使用PRISMA指南综合得出的研究结果涉及后勤、社会、财务、指导、课程和政策等方面。反复出现的障碍包括缺乏灵活的教育项目、经济援助不足以及获得附近体育赛事和设施的机会有限。社会支持系统，如导师指导和机构委员会，对于参与和减少孤立感至关重要。欧洲运动员经常提到需要改善经济支持，强调奖学金和费用减免。在新冠疫情期间，电子学习策略有助于坚持学业并减轻压力，凸显了其作为应对双重职业需求的灵活工具的潜力。然而，政策实施和服务提供方面的差异依然存在，研究确定了针对双重职业运动员的凝聚性机构策略。这些研究结果强调需要在欧洲制定统一框架，优先考虑综合后勤规划、扩大经济支持和量身定制课程。需要利益相关者更广泛的观点，以使双重职业运动员在学业和运动方面都能蓬勃发展。
