Kuokkanen Joni, Saarinen Milla, Phipps Daniel J, Korhonen Johan, Romar Jan-Erik
Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
The Child and Youth Sport Research Centre, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
J Adolesc. 2025 Feb;97(2):383-394. doi: 10.1002/jad.12426. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Burnout and engagement are pivotal for adolescents' well-being and have received extensive attention in the educational literature. However, less is known about how these factors develop and interact within and between school and sport when adolescent athletes follow dual (school and sport) careers. The aim of this study was to examine the reciprocal relationship between engagement and burnout in school and sport through a cross-lagged analysis of longitudinal associations.
A sample of 165 Finnish adolescent athletes (aged 14.5 years, 48.9% girls) enrolled in lower secondary sport schools (i.e., junior high schools) participated in a survey in spring 2019 (i.e., in Grade 8) and 1 year later, in spring 2020 (i.e., in Grade 9).
Engagement and burnout had significant autoregressive relationships within school and sport. Furthermore, low levels of sport engagement in Grade 8 predicted sport burnout in Grade 9, and low levels of school burnout in Grade 8 predicted school engagement in Grade 9. Regarding cross-domain effects, high levels of school engagement in Grade 8 predicted low levels of sport engagement in Grade 9.
The study shows that school and sport are distinct domains with unique associations between engagement and burnout in each domain. It also shows that adolescent athletes may maintain high school engagement by reducing their sport engagement. These findings highlight the need for sport school practitioners to develop intervention programs to address adolescents' school and sport needs and to support their holistic well-being.
倦怠和投入对青少年的幸福感至关重要，并且在教育文献中受到了广泛关注。然而，当青少年运动员同时从事（学校和体育）双重职业时，对于这些因素在学校和体育内部以及之间如何发展和相互作用，我们所知甚少。本研究的目的是通过对纵向关联的交叉滞后分析，检验学校和体育中投入与倦怠之间的相互关系。
165名就读于初中体育学校（即初中）的芬兰青少年运动员（年龄14.5岁，48.9%为女生）参与了2019年春季（即八年级）和一年后的2020年春季（即九年级）的一项调查。
投入和倦怠在学校和体育内部具有显著的自回归关系。此外，八年级时较低水平的体育投入预测了九年级时的体育倦怠，八年级时较低水平的学校倦怠预测了九年级时的学校投入。关于跨领域影响，八年级时较高水平的学校投入预测了九年级时较低水平的体育投入。
该研究表明，学校和体育是不同的领域，每个领域中投入与倦怠之间存在独特的关联。研究还表明，青少年运动员可能通过减少体育投入来维持较高的学校投入。这些发现凸显了体育学校从业者制定干预计划以满足青少年学校和体育需求并支持他们整体幸福感的必要性。
