Fu Mingwang, Chen Hualing, Qian Yongkang, Zhang Yongjie, Guo Haijian, Shen Ya, Xu Biyun, Han Wantong, Zhou Haoran, Xu Jinshui, Chen Bingwei
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 2;13:1521658. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1521658. eCollection 2025.
Since the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, COVID-19 reinfection has become an increasing concern, particularly during the spread of the Omicron variant. Despite numerous international studies on COVID-19 reinfection, research focusing on healthcare workers, particularly those in primary care settings in mainland China, remains limited. This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 reinfection rates among primary healthcare workers (PHWs) in Jiangsu Province and to explore potential risk factors contributing to reinfection.
This study utilized a combination of online questionnaires and on-site surveys to conduct two waves of investigation targeting PHWs after epidemic control policy adjustment in Jiangsu Province. Differences between the infection at the baseline visit and re-infection at the follow-up visit were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors influencing reinfection.
A total of 5,541 PHWs were included in the study. At the baseline visit, the initial infection rate was 85.85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 84.93-86.77%], and the self-reported reinfection rate was 40.05% (95% CI: 38.65-41.44%). After adjustment, the reinfection rate was 29.41% (95% CI: 28.12-30.71%). The median reinfection interval between the two infections was 146 days (Interquartile range: 129-164 days). Logistic regression model revealed that female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 1.376, 95% CI: 1.190-1.592], history of fever clinic work (OR = 1.179, 95% CI: 1.045-1.330), working over 8 h per day (OR = 1.178, 95% CI: 1.040-1.336), being a nurse (OR = 1.201, 95% CI: 1.029-1.402), and a "less meat, more vegetables" diet (OR = 1.206, 95% CI: 1.020-1.426) were significant risk factors for reinfection. Additionally, regular physical exercise was found to be a protective factor (OR = 0.861, 95% CI: 0.754-0.983).
COVID-19 reinfection rates were relatively high among PHWs in Jiangsu Province, particularly among women, nurses, those with fever clinic experience and working over 8 h per day. This study offers valuable insights for the prevention of COVID-19 reinfection and the development of protection strategies for PHWs. It is recommended that more targeted protective measures be implemented for high-risk groups, including appropriate work arrangements, regular health monitoring, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits.
自2019年新型冠状病毒全球大流行以来，新冠病毒再次感染日益受到关注，尤其是在奥密克戎变异株传播期间。尽管有众多关于新冠病毒再次感染的国际研究，但针对医护人员，特别是中国大陆基层医疗环境中的医护人员的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在评估江苏省基层医护人员（PHWs）的新冠病毒再次感染率，并探讨导致再次感染的潜在风险因素。
本研究采用在线问卷和现场调查相结合的方式，在江苏省疫情防控政策调整后，对基层医护人员进行了两轮调查。分析基线访视时的感染情况与随访时的再次感染情况之间的差异，并使用多因素逻辑回归评估影响再次感染的因素。
本研究共纳入5541名基层医护人员。在基线访视时，初始感染率为85.85%[95%置信区间（CI）：84.93 - 86.77%]，自我报告的再次感染率为40.05%（95%CI：38.65 - 41.44%）。调整后，再次感染率为29.41%（95%CI：28.12 - 30.71%）。两次感染之间的再次感染间隔中位数为146天（四分位间距：129 - 164天）。逻辑回归模型显示，女性[比值比（OR）=1.376，95%CI：1.190 - 1.592]、有发热门诊工作史（OR =1.179，95%CI：1.045 - 1.330）、每天工作超过8小时（OR =1.178，95%CI：1.040 - 1.336）、为护士（OR =1.201，95%CI：1.029 - 1.402）以及“少吃肉、多吃蔬菜”的饮食方式（OR =1.206，95%CI：1.020 - 1.426）是再次感染的显著风险因素。此外，经常进行体育锻炼被发现是一个保护因素（OR =0.861，95%CI：0.754 - 0.983）。
江苏省基层医护人员的新冠病毒再次感染率相对较高，尤其是女性、护士、有发热门诊工作经验以及每天工作超过8小时的人员。本研究为预防新冠病毒再次感染及制定基层医护人员的防护策略提供了有价值的见解。建议针对高危人群实施更具针对性的防护措施，包括适当的工作安排、定期健康监测以及推广健康的生活方式习惯。
