Polednak A P
Cancer Detect Prev. 1985;8(4):485-95.
Some descriptive epidemiologic characteristics, and recent trends in incidence rates, were analyzed for 2,818 malignant melanomas of the skin diagnosed among residents of Upstate New York (ie, New York State exclusive of New York City) in 1975-1979 and reported to the population-based New York State Cancer Registry. For later clinical-stage melanomas, higher incidence rates among males vs females indicate the need for earlier detection among males. Higher total melanoma incidence rates in younger (less than or equal to 44 years) females vs males were due to higher rates for clinical-stage 1 melanomas, indicating the need for primary prevention. For both males and females, the proportion of cases diagnosed at early clinical stage (ie, stage 1) was lower in single vs married cases, although differences were not statistically significant. The proportion of clinical stage 1 melanomas was significantly lower among widowed vs married women, indicating another target group for secondary prevention. Incidence rates and median household income by county were significantly associated (rank-order correlation test) for males aged 55-64 and females age 65 + years. Recent increases (from 1975 to 1979) in melanoma incidence rates were greater for clinical stage 1 (vs stages 2-3) melanomas and for males vs females; rates for stage 1 melanomas of the trunk in males increased 74.5% over the period (1975 to 1979). Such descriptive data should be useful in planning public education and cancer screening programs.
对1975 - 1979年纽约州北部地区（即纽约州除纽约市外）居民中诊断出的2818例皮肤恶性黑色素瘤进行了分析，这些病例已上报至以人群为基础的纽约州癌症登记处，分析内容包括一些描述性流行病学特征以及发病率的近期趋势。对于晚期临床阶段的黑色素瘤，男性发病率高于女性，这表明男性需要更早进行检测。年轻女性（小于或等于44岁）黑色素瘤总发病率高于男性，这是由于临床1期黑色素瘤发病率较高，提示需要进行一级预防。对于男性和女性，单身病例与已婚病例相比，早期临床阶段（即1期）诊断出的病例比例较低，尽管差异无统计学意义。丧偶女性与已婚女性相比，临床1期黑色素瘤的比例显著较低，这表明丧偶女性是二级预防的另一个目标群体。55 - 64岁男性和65岁及以上女性的发病率与所在县的家庭收入中位数显著相关（等级相关检验）。黑色素瘤发病率近期（从1975年到1979年）的增长在临床1期（与2 - 3期相比）黑色素瘤以及男性中更为明显；男性躯干1期黑色素瘤的发病率在此期间（1975年到1979年）增长了74.5%。这些描述性数据应有助于规划公众教育和癌症筛查项目。
