Salgado Pardo José Ignacio, Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente, Ariza Antonio González, León Jurado José Manuel, Camacho Vallejo María Esperanza
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Agropecuary Provincial Center of Córdoba, Provincial Council of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 18;20(6):e0326308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326308. eCollection 2025.
Due to the lack of research in free-range poultry, the influence of environmental factors on laying remains underdeveloped nowadays. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the influence of meteorological events and the moon cycle on the weight and shape index of turkey eggs produced in alternative systems. To this aim, 194 eggs laid by Andalusian turkey hens raised outdoors were collected and daily measured for 14 months. Seven categories were obtained attending to their weight (heavy, medium, and light) and shape index (sharp, standard, and round), and performed as dependent variables in the discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). As explanatory variables, meteorological and moon cycle features were collected from repositories consulting the day before each egg was laid. Minimum pressure, moon phase, and maximum temperature reported multicollinearity problems (VIF > 5.0) and were removed from further analysis. Moderate correlations among climatic variables influencing egg quality were found and ranged from + 0.574 to - 0.537, involving maximum gust speed in both cases. Variables exhibiting explanatory power in the DCA were sunshine hours (λ = 0.691, F = 13.950), minimum temperature (λ = 0.874, F = 4.476), and maximum gust speed (λ = 0.944, F = 1.841). Results evidence alternative productions present a different environmental exposure than indoors, as well as highlight the suitability of this breed for free range systems.
由于对自由放养家禽的研究不足，环境因素对产蛋的影响目前仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在确定气象事件和月周期对替代系统中产的火鸡蛋重量和形状指数的影响。为此，收集了194枚由户外饲养的安达卢西亚火鸡母鸡所产的鸡蛋，并在14个月内每天进行测量。根据鸡蛋的重量（重、中、轻）和形状指数（尖、标准、圆）分为七类，并作为判别典范分析（DCA）中的因变量。作为解释变量，从数据库中收集气象和月周期特征，数据查询时间为每枚鸡蛋产下的前一天。最小气压、月相和最高温度存在多重共线性问题（方差膨胀因子VIF>5.0），因此在进一步分析中将其剔除。发现影响鸡蛋品质的气候变量之间存在中等程度的相关性，范围从+0.574到 - 0.537，两种情况下均涉及最大阵风速度。在DCA中具有解释力的变量为日照时数（λ = 0.691，F = 13.950）、最低温度（λ = 0.874，F = 4.476）和最大阵风速度（λ = 0.944，F = 1.841）。结果表明，替代生产方式所面临的环境暴露与室内不同，同时也突出了该品种对自由放养系统的适应性。
