Pukhrambam Martina, Tribhuvan Kishor U, Paul Vijay, Pandey Avinash, Dutta Atrayee, Bhadana Vijai Pal, Dabas Suresh, Ramakrushna G I, Raghavendra K P, Verma Pooja, Prasad Y G, Mohanty A K, Rakshit Sujay, Sarkar Mihir
ICAR - National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, 790101, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834003, Jharkhand, India.
Sci Data. 2025 Jun 18;12(1):1027. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-05362-5.
The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens), a high-altitude ruminant endemic to India, is genetically and economically significant for pastoral communities. However, challenges such as population decline, inbreeding, and genetic dilution through crossbreeding threaten its conservation. We generated a high-quality reference genome using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and Hi-C sequencing to elucidate its genomic features and adaptive mechanisms. The 2.85 Gb genome, assembled with hifiasm, achieved a contig N50 of 70.4 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 102.99 Mb, with high completeness validated by BUSCO analysis. Annotation identified 25,855 protein-coding genes, with 81.5% functionally characterized. Repeat analysis revealed 44.68% transposable elements, with LINEs (28.26%) being the most abundant. This comprehensive genomic resource can help provide crucial insights into high-altitude adaptation, disease resistance, and productivity traits, and could support genomic-assisted breeding, conservation, and sustainable management of the Arunachali yak.
阿鲁纳恰尔牦牛（Bos grunniens）是印度特有的一种高海拔反刍动物，对牧民社区具有重要的遗传和经济意义。然而，诸如种群数量下降、近亲繁殖以及杂交导致的基因稀释等挑战，威胁着它的保护。我们利用PacBio HiFi长读长测序、Bionano光学图谱和Hi-C测序技术生成了高质量的参考基因组，以阐明其基因组特征和适应机制。该基因组大小为2.85 Gb，使用hifiasm进行组装，重叠群N50达到70.4 Mb，支架N50达到102.99 Mb，通过BUSCO分析验证具有高完整性。注释鉴定出25,855个蛋白质编码基因，其中81.5%具有功能特征。重复序列分析显示，转座元件占44.68%，其中长散在核元件（LINEs，占28.26%）最为丰富。这一全面的基因组资源有助于深入了解高海拔适应、抗病性和生产性状，并可为阿鲁纳恰尔牦牛的基因组辅助育种、保护和可持续管理提供支持。
