Evaluating climate change impacts on future crop and irrigation water requirements in Gojeb river catchment, Ethiopia.

This study aims to investigate the impacts of climate change on future crop and irrigation water requirements in the Gojeb River catchment. Crop water requirements (CWR) and irrigation water requirements (IWR) for Shabe, Jimma, Dedo, and Bonga stations for maize, sorghum, barley, and wheat were assessed for the near future (2025-2060) and far future (2061-2096). RACMO22T, REMO2009, RCA4, and CCLM4.8 regional climate models (RCMs) were used, considering both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. Climatic factors, such as precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures, and potential evapotranspiration (ET), were used to evaluate future CWR and IWR. The Hargreaves-Samani equation was utilized to estimate ETo in the R programming. The results of the analysis indicate that at the base period and future projections under the RCP 4.5, maize consistently has the highest CWR and IWR at all stations, while barley requires less water. Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the CWR for maize, sorghum, barley, and wheat is projected to increase at all stations in the near and far future. Similarly, in RCP 8.5, crop water needs increased across all stations. On the other hand, the study calculated IWR for maize, sorghum, barley, and wheat under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, showing an increase in water needs for all crops in both the near and far future at all stations. The projected CWR and IWR values under RCP 8.5 are greater than those under RCP 4.5 at every station. The study can serve as benchmark information for future research and guide watershed managers and environmentalists in considering the impacts of climate change on surface water availability and irrigation requirements in the Gojeb River catchment.