Cloos Alicia, Geisler Stephan, Isenmann Eduard
Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Nutr J. 2025 Jun 18;24(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12937-025-01167-9.
Overweight and obesity are increasing global challenges associated with severe health risks. Lifestyle factors like easy access to high-caloric foods and a decrease in physical activity contribute to weight gain. The increase in fat mass (FM) and decrease in lean body mass (LBM) are supported by age-related changes in body composition by the age of 30. Two dietary strategies, the volumetrics diet (VD) and time-restricted eating (TRE), have shown promise in achieving sustainable loss of body weight (BW) and FM without requiring food group exclusions or portion reductions. This study aimed to compare the impact of VD and TRE on body composition parameters and their adherence rate in middle-aged normal-weight to overweight physically active people over 12 weeks.
In this randomized controlled trial, 37 physically active participants were allocated to either VD or TRE (VD: n = 21, age: 39.48 ± 8.83 years, body mass index (BMI): 25,38 ± 4.37 kg/m; TRE: n = 16, age: 42.06 ± 8.47, BMI: 26.38 ± 2.81 kg/m). Participants followed their assigned dietary strategy for 12 weeks while documenting their daily food intake using the FDDB app. Adherence to the diets was self-reported weekly. The VD group consumed meals with an energy density ≤ 1.5 kcal/g and the TRE group restricted calorie intake to an 8-hour window (11:30 AM-7:30 PM). Measurements of BW, FM, LBM, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were taken at baseline (T0) and after 4 (T1), 8 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3). Statistical analysis included linear mixed-effect models to compare time, group and interaction effects on body composition.
Both VD and TRE groups showed significant reductions in BW (p = 0.0002; d = 0.61), absolute FM (p < 0.0001; d = 0.85), relative FM (p < 0.0001; d = 0.84), BMI (p = 0.0001; d = 0.60), WC (p < 0.0001; d = 0.92), HC (p = 0.003; d = 0.51) and WHR (p < 0.0001; d = 0.90) after 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between groups or in interaction effects for these parameters. Both groups maintained LBM throughout the intervention. Adherence rates were significantly higher in TRE (5.78 ± 1.13 days/week) compared to VD (5.29 ± 1.49 days/week; p = 0.0002). Adherence declined over time in both groups but not significantly. Dietary analysis showed no significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake.
VD led to the same results as TRE but with a significantly lower adherence rate in the 12-week intervention period. Both dietary approaches reduced BW and FM and maintained LBM in middle-aged, physically active individuals without changing physical activity levels. Therefore, VD and TRE may counteract age-related body composition changes as long-term measures. Further studies with larger samples and a longer study duration are needed to confirm these findings.
DRKS00033809.
超重和肥胖是日益严峻的全球性挑战，会带来严重的健康风险。生活方式因素，如高热量食物唾手可得以及身体活动减少，会导致体重增加。到30岁时，与年龄相关的身体成分变化会使脂肪量（FM）增加，瘦体重（LBM）减少。两种饮食策略，即容量饮食法（VD）和限时进食法（TRE），已显示出有望在无需排除食物类别或减少食量的情况下实现可持续的体重（BW）和FM减轻。本研究旨在比较VD和TRE对中年正常体重至超重的体育活动者身体成分参数的影响及其在12周内的依从率。
在这项随机对照试验中，37名体育活动参与者被分配至VD组或TRE组（VD组：n = 21，年龄：39.48 ± 8.83岁，体重指数（BMI）：25.38 ± 4.37 kg/m²；TRE组：n = 16，年龄：42.06 ± 8.47岁，BMI：26.38 ± 2.81 kg/m²）。参与者遵循其指定的饮食策略12周，同时使用FDDB应用程序记录每日食物摄入量。饮食依从性通过每周自我报告来评估。VD组食用能量密度≤1.5千卡/克的餐食，TRE组将卡路里摄入量限制在8小时窗口内（上午11:30至晚上7:30）。在基线（T0）以及4周（T1）、8周（T2）和12周（T3）后测量BW、FM、LBM、BMI、腰围（WC）和臀围（HC）。统计分析包括线性混合效应模型，以比较时间、组间及交互作用对身体成分的影响。
12周后，VD组和TRE组的BW（p = 0.0002；d = 0.61）、绝对FM（p < 0.0001；d = 0.85）、相对FM（p < 0.0001；d = 0.84）、BMI（p = 0.0001；d = 0.60）、WC（p < 0.0001；d = 0.92）、HC（p = 0.003；d = 0.51）和腰臀比（WHR）（p < 0.0001；d = 0.90）均显著降低。在这些参数的组间或交互作用方面未观察到显著差异。在整个干预过程中，两组均维持了LBM。TRE组的依从率（5.78 ± 1.13天/周）显著高于VD组（5.29 ± 1.49天/周；p = 0.0002）。两组的依从性均随时间下降，但不显著。饮食分析显示能量和宏量营养素摄入量无显著差异。
在12周的干预期内，VD产生的结果与TRE相同，但依从率显著较低。两种饮食方法均能降低中年体育活动者的BW和FM，并维持LBM，且不改变身体活动水平。因此，作为长期措施，VD和TRE可能会抵消与年龄相关的身体成分变化。需要进行更大样本量和更长研究周期的进一步研究来证实这些发现。
DRKS00033809。
