Saini Ravinder S, Quadri Syed Altafuddin, Mosaddad Seyed Ali, Heboyan Artak
Department of Allied Dental Health Sciences, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Head Face Med. 2025 Jun 18;21(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s13005-025-00522-9.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are multifactorial conditions that involve pain, dysfunction, and impaired jaw movement, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and stress, play a crucial role in the onset and progression of TMD. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to systematically analyze and quantify the association between psychological factors and TMD, providing clinically relevant insights to improve patient management and therapeutic strategies.
This study was registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY202420084) to ensure methodological transparency and adherence to systematic review standards. The study design and protocol followed the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The data were systematically extracted and analyzed.
The literature search yielded 2392 potential articles, of which 21 were included in this study. A significant correlation was found between TMD and anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization. Statistically significant differences in anxiety and depression scores were observed between patients with TMD and the controls (p < 0.00001). Stress increased TMD development and severity. In addition, subgroup analyses revealed gender differences, with depression significantly correlating with TMD in males. Similarly, students showed significant correlations between TMD and anxiety, while adults demonstrated strong associations with both anxiety and depression. Adolescents showed correlations between TMD development and somatization and obsessive-compulsiveness.
Anxiety, depression, and stress are significant risk factors for the development and progression of TMD. Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant correlations between particular psychological factors and TMD in different sub-populations.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）是一种多因素疾病，涉及疼痛、功能障碍和下颌运动受损，严重影响患者的生活质量。新出现的证据表明，包括焦虑、抑郁和压力在内的心理因素在TMD的发病和进展中起着关键作用。然而，这种关系的确切性质仍不清楚。本研究旨在系统分析和量化心理因素与TMD之间的关联，为改善患者管理和治疗策略提供临床相关见解。
本研究在国际注册系统评价和Meta分析方案平台（INPLASY202420084）注册，以确保方法的透明度并遵循系统评价标准。研究设计和方案遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。使用美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）质量评估工具评估纳入研究的方法学质量。对数据进行系统提取和分析。
文献检索共获得2392篇潜在文章，其中21篇纳入本研究。发现TMD与焦虑、抑郁、压力和躯体化之间存在显著相关性。TMD患者与对照组之间的焦虑和抑郁评分存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.00001）。压力增加了TMD的发生和严重程度。此外，亚组分析显示了性别差异，抑郁与男性TMD显著相关。同样，学生群体中TMD与焦虑之间存在显著相关性，而成年人中TMD与焦虑和抑郁均有强烈关联。青少年中TMD的发生与躯体化和强迫症之间存在相关性。
焦虑、抑郁和压力是TMD发生和进展的重要危险因素。亚组分析表明，特定心理因素与不同亚人群中的TMD之间存在显著相关性。
