Tosi Martina, Tagi Veronica Maria, Colombo Alice, Cecchini Alessandra, Zobele Marianna, Montanari Chiara, Ferraro Simona, Bosetti Alessandra, Bonaventura Eleonora, Bruschi Fabio, De Zan Diego, Fiore Giulia, Cereda Cristina, Zuccotti Gianvincenzo, Verduci Elvira
Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jun 4;12:1604336. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1604336. eCollection 2025.
During pregnancy, nutrient requirements increase while deficiencies can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes. Deficiencies may result from inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption, or restrictive diets. This study aimed to retrospectively assess the nutritional status and dietary intakes in a cohort of mothers whose newborns were identified with vitamin B12 deficiency of maternal origin through Newborn Screening. Between 2021 and 2024, 107 newborn-mother dyads with altered biomarkers of cobalamin metabolism were identified and referred to the Metabolic Disease Unit for further evaluation and treatment. Mothers underwent biochemical assessments and nutritional interviews regarding pregnancy diet history, and dietary intakes were quantified using a dedicated software (MetadietaVR). Most of the cohort (47%) was from Asia, with an average age of 32.5 years. Plasma vitamin B12 levels averaged 240 pg/ml. Mothers who reported taking vitamin B12 supplements had higher plasma levels compared to those who did not supplement with B12 (255.5 ± 113 vs. 231.2 ± 104 pg/ml). Dietary habits during pregnancy revealed that 71% of mothers were omnivorous (O), 16% followed a lacto-vegetarian (LV) diet, 12% a lacto-ovo-vegetarian (LOV) diet, and 1% a vegan (V) diet. Most mothers (90%) were taking supplements during pregnancy, with 70.7% taking folic acid, 68.7% iron and 15% vitamin B12. Among women who achieved adequate vitamin B12 intake through both diet and supplementation, 95% were omnivores while 5% followed a LOV diet. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing maternal nutritional needs from the pre-conception period, as dietary patterns may not adequately reflect micronutrient intake. Even omnivorous diets, if unbalanced, can result in insufficient nutrient intake, underlying the necessity of targeted nutritional support during pregnancy.
孕期营养需求增加，而营养缺乏会显著影响妊娠结局。营养缺乏可能源于饮食摄入不足、吸收受损或限制性饮食。本研究旨在回顾性评估一组母亲的营养状况和饮食摄入量，这些母亲的新生儿通过新生儿筛查被确定为源于母体的维生素B12缺乏。2021年至2024年期间，共识别出107对新生儿-母亲二元组，其钴胺素代谢生物标志物发生改变，并被转诊至代谢疾病科进行进一步评估和治疗。母亲们接受了生化评估以及关于孕期饮食史的营养访谈，并使用专用软件（MetadietaVR）对饮食摄入量进行量化。该队列中的大多数（47%）来自亚洲，平均年龄为32.5岁。血浆维生素B12水平平均为240 pg/ml。报告服用维生素B12补充剂的母亲血浆水平高于未补充维生素B12的母亲（255.5±113 vs. 231.2±104 pg/ml）。孕期饮食习惯显示，71%的母亲为杂食者（O），16%遵循乳素食（LV）饮食，12%遵循蛋奶素食（LOV）饮食，1%为纯素食（V）饮食。大多数母亲（90%）在孕期服用补充剂，其中70.7%服用叶酸，68.7%服用铁剂，15%服用维生素B12。在通过饮食和补充剂均实现充足维生素B12摄入量的女性中，95%为杂食者，5%遵循蛋奶素食饮食。本研究强调了从孕前阶段就满足母体营养需求的重要性，因为饮食模式可能无法充分反映微量营养素的摄入量。即使是杂食性饮食，如果不均衡，也可能导致营养摄入不足，这凸显了孕期针对性营养支持的必要性。
