College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
J Therm Biol. 2024 Aug;124:103927. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103927. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
The sum of nonspecific physiological responses exhibited by mammals in response to the disruption of thermal balance caused by high-temperature environments is referred to as heat stress (HS). HS affects the normal development of mammalian oocyte and embryos and leads to significant economic losses. Therefore, it is of great importance to gain a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on oocyte and embryonic development and to explore strategies for mitigating or preventing its detrimental impacts in the livestock industry. This article provides an overview of the negative effects of HS on mammalian oocyte growth, granulosa cell maturation and function, and embryonic development. It summarizes the mechanisms by which HS affects embryonic development, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endocrine disruption, the heat shock system, mitochondrial autophagy, and molecular-level alterations. Furthermore, it discusses various measures to ameliorate the effects of HS, such as antioxidant use, enhancement of mitochondrial function, gene editing, cultivating varieties possessing heat-resistant genes, and optimizing the animals'rearing environment. This article serves as a valuable reference for better understanding the relationship between HS and mammalian embryonic development as well as for improving the development of mammalian embryos and economic benefits under HS conditions in livestock production.
哺乳动物对高温环境导致的热平衡破坏所表现出的非特异性生理反应的总和被称为热应激（HS）。HS 会影响哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎的正常发育，并导致重大的经济损失。因此，深入了解 HS 对卵母细胞和胚胎发育的影响机制，并探索减轻或预防其在畜牧业中不利影响的策略非常重要。本文概述了 HS 对哺乳动物卵母细胞生长、颗粒细胞成熟和功能以及胚胎发育的负面影响。它总结了 HS 影响胚胎发育的机制，包括活性氧（ROS）的产生、内分泌干扰、热休克系统、线粒体自噬和分子水平的改变。此外，还讨论了各种缓解 HS 影响的措施，如使用抗氧化剂、增强线粒体功能、基因编辑、培育具有耐热基因的品种以及优化动物养殖环境。本文为更好地理解 HS 与哺乳动物胚胎发育之间的关系以及提高 HS 条件下哺乳动物胚胎的发育和经济效益提供了有价值的参考。
