Gul Yasmeen, Sadiq Noman, Iqbal Somia, Tahir Muhammad, Khan Hazar, Ahmed Mukhtiar
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mekran Medical College, Turbat, PAK.
Physiology, Mekran Medical College, Turbat, PAK.
Cureus. 2025 May 18;17(5):e84368. doi: 10.7759/cureus.84368. eCollection 2025 May.
Background Female infertility is a significant health challenge, with hormonal imbalances and nutritional deficiencies being among the key contributing factors. Both hyperprolactinemia and anemia have been suggested as potential factors affecting fertility in women. Objective This study aims to determine the prolactin levels and anemia prevalence in infertile women of Balochistan, Pakistan, and to establish whether female infertility is related to hyperprolactinemia and anemia, in addition to the association between hyperprolactinemia and anemia in infertile women. Methods This cross-sectional research was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mekran Medical College, Turbat, Balochistan, from January 2024 to June 2024. A total of 310 women diagnosed with infertility were divided into two groups: 222 women with primary infertility and 88 women with secondary infertility. The study participants' prolactin levels were measured, and the prevalence of anemia was determined by measuring hemoglobin levels. Results Of the primary infertile women, 148 (47.7%) participants had hyperprolactinemia, whereas 38 (12.3%) secondary infertile women had hyperprolactinemia. The mean serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in primary infertility patients compared to secondary infertility patients (31.85 ± 29.46 ng/mL versus 22.97 ± 18.24 ng/mL, p = 0.009). A p-value of <0.05 (p = 0.001) showed a statistically significant association between infertility type and prolactin levels, with primary infertility showing a higher prevalence of raised prolactin compared to secondary infertility. Mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in primary infertility patients (11.58 ± 1.53 g/dL versus 12.14 ± 1.48 g/dL, p = 0.019), with 113 (50.9%) of primary infertile women having anemia compared to 54 (61.4%) of secondary infertile women. In total, 167 (53.8%) infertile women had anemia. Secondary infertility showed a higher prevalence of anemia than primary infertility. However, no statistically significant association existed between prolactin levels and anemia in different infertility types. Conclusion Our study shows that the high occurrence of anemia and increased prolactin levels in women of reproductive age suggest their contributory role in causing infertility. Regular screening and prompt intervention for anemia and hyperprolactinemia are critical in treating infertility-related outcomes.
女性不孕症是一项重大的健康挑战，激素失衡和营养缺乏是主要的促成因素。高催乳素血症和贫血都被认为是影响女性生育能力的潜在因素。
本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦俾路支省不孕女性的催乳素水平和贫血患病率，并确定女性不孕症是否与高催乳素血症和贫血有关，以及不孕女性中高催乳素血症与贫血之间的关联。
本横断面研究于2024年1月至2024年6月在俾路支省图尔巴特市梅克兰医学院妇产科进行。总共310名被诊断为不孕症的女性被分为两组：222名原发性不孕女性和88名继发性不孕女性。测量了研究参与者的催乳素水平，并通过测量血红蛋白水平确定贫血患病率。
在原发性不孕女性中，148名（47.7%）参与者患有高催乳素血症，而38名（12.3%）继发性不孕女性患有高催乳素血症。原发性不孕患者的平均血清催乳素水平显著高于继发性不孕患者（31.85±29.46 ng/mL对22.97±18.24 ng/mL，p = 0.009）。p值<0.05（p = 0.001）表明不孕类型与催乳素水平之间存在统计学上的显著关联，与继发性不孕相比，原发性不孕中催乳素升高的患病率更高。原发性不孕患者的平均血红蛋白水平显著较低（11.58±1.53 g/dL对12.14±1.48 g/dL，p = 0.019），113名（50.9%）原发性不孕女性患有贫血，而继发性不孕女性中有54名（61.4%）患有贫血。总共有167名（53.8%）不孕女性患有贫血。继发性不孕的贫血患病率高于原发性不孕。然而，不同不孕类型的催乳素水平与贫血之间不存在统计学上的显著关联。
我们的研究表明，育龄女性中贫血的高发生率和催乳素水平的升高表明它们在导致不孕方面起到了作用。对贫血和高催乳素血症进行定期筛查和及时干预对于治疗与不孕相关的结果至关重要。
