Abedi Yarandi Mohammad Saeed, Madahi Mohammad Ebrahim
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities Shahed University Tehran Iran.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 17;8(6):e70924. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70924. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Time perspective is a fundamental component of individual cognition, often conceptualized through one's perception of time. Childhood experiences play a pivotal role in shaping an individual's temporal outlook. This study aims to investigate the predictive relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the five dimensions of time perspective, with life expectancy as a mediating variable.
This cross-sectional study included 336 students (43.45% male, 56.55% female) from Shahed University, selected through convenience sampling. Participants were drawn from various faculties, and both genders were represented proportionately. Data collection occurred in June 2023, utilizing the Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form, Snyder's Hope Scale, and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 and Amos version 24.
Data analysis reveals that the correlation matrix shows significant associations ( < 0.001) between most early maladaptive schema domains and the majority of time perspective subscales. Additionally, early maladaptive schemas directly predict the negative past, present hedonistic, and present deterministic dimensions of time perspective. Meanwhile, the positive past, present hedonistic, present deterministic, and future dimensions are indirectly predicted through the mediating effect of life expectancy. Fit indices (CFI > 0.9, GFI > 0.9, IFI > 0.9, AGFI > 0.8) indicate a strong model fit.
The findings indicate that Young's schemas are significant predictors of time perspective. These results highlight the need to reconsider parenting practices, as they are a primary source of schema formation. By addressing maladaptive schema development in childhood, individuals may develop healthier time perspectives.
时间观念是个体认知的一个基本组成部分，通常通过个人对时间的感知来概念化。童年经历在塑造个体的时间观方面起着关键作用。本研究旨在探讨早期适应不良图式与时间观念的五个维度之间的预测关系，并将预期寿命作为中介变量。
本横断面研究通过便利抽样选取了来自沙赫德大学的336名学生（男性占43.45%，女性占56.55%）。参与者来自不同的学院，男女比例均衡。数据收集于2023年6月进行，使用了青少年图式问卷简版、斯奈德希望量表和津巴多时间观念量表。数据分析使用SPSS 25版和Amos 24版。
数据分析表明，相关矩阵显示大多数早期适应不良图式领域与大多数时间观念子量表之间存在显著关联（<0.001）。此外，早期适应不良图式直接预测时间观念的消极过去、当前享乐主义和当前决定论维度。同时，积极过去、当前享乐主义、当前决定论和未来维度通过预期寿命的中介作用被间接预测。拟合指数（CFI>0.9，GFI>0.9，IFI>0.9，AGFI>0.8）表明模型拟合良好。
研究结果表明，杨的图式是时间观念的重要预测因素。这些结果凸显了重新审视育儿方式的必要性，因为育儿方式是图式形成的主要来源。通过解决童年期适应不良图式的发展问题，个体可能会形成更健康的时间观念。
