Oyanadel Cristián, Buela-Casal Gualberto
Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, CIMCYC, University of Granada.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2014 May-Jun;42(3):99-107. Epub 2014 May 1.
The study of time perception and mental illness has given priority to time estimation over time perspective. Considering Zimbardo’s theory on five dimensions of time perspective, and balanced time perspective profile, this study has aimed to compare people with severe mental illness (SMI) and healthy people, with measurements of time perspective and time estimation and to assess whether the time perspective profile influences the quality of life in people with SMI.
Using a quasi-experimental design, a clinical group (n=167) corresponding to four samples of severe mental disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and personality disorders) and healthy people (n=167) were compared in their performance regarding time perspective and time estimation. After, the clinical sample was grouped according to their deviation from the balanced time perspective profile (DBTP) and negative profile (DNTP). These groups were evaluated with health measures and time estimation tasks.
Through the ANOVA, it can be seen that the time perspective profile affects health measurements. There are significant differences between the clinical sample and controls regarding time perspective and time estimation. Within the group of patients, it was observed that those who were closer to the BTP profile had better physical health, and less hopelessness (p<.05). This measurement may favor interventions related to a balanced profile. Results are discussed in relation to contribution of time perspective in the assessment, treatment and quality of life of people with SMI.
时间感知与精神疾病的研究一直将时间估计置于时间视角之上。基于津巴多的时间视角五维度理论以及平衡时间视角概况，本研究旨在比较重症精神疾病（SMI）患者与健康人群在时间视角和时间估计方面的表现，并评估时间视角概况是否会影响SMI患者的生活质量。
采用准实验设计，对一个临床组（n = 167）和健康人群（n = 167）进行比较，临床组对应四种重症精神障碍样本（重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症和人格障碍）。比较他们在时间视角和时间估计方面的表现。之后，根据临床样本与平衡时间视角概况（DBTP）和消极概况（DNTP）的偏差进行分组。这些组通过健康指标和时间估计任务进行评估。
通过方差分析可以看出，时间视角概况会影响健康指标。临床样本与对照组在时间视角和时间估计方面存在显著差异。在患者组中，观察到那些更接近BTP概况的患者身体健康状况更好，绝望感更低（p <.05）。这一测量结果可能有利于与平衡概况相关的干预措施。结合时间视角对SMI患者的评估、治疗和生活质量的贡献对结果进行了讨论。
