Liu Xudong, Liu Ye, Zhao Danyu, Shan Dehong, Guo Chenghao, Jia Lianqun
College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China.
Department of Nephrology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jun 13;20:7489-7500. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S527315. eCollection 2025.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant challenges due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. While CAR-T therapy has shown promise in hematologic cancers, its application in HCC is limited by the tumor microenvironment (TME), insufficient T-cell infiltration, and antigenic heterogeneity. Nanomaterials offer a promising solution by enhancing CAR-T cell delivery, activation, persistence, and overcoming the immunosuppressive TME. This review focuses on the application of nanoparticles in CAR-T therapy, highlighting recent advancements in nanomaterials-based mRNA delivery, photothermal remodeling, and hydrogel platforms. Furthermore, nanomaterials-enhanced imaging tools enable real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell activity, improving therapeutic precision and safety. By addressing current limitations, nanomaterial-mediated CAR-T therapy holds the potential to transform HCC treatment, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer immunotherapy.
肝细胞癌（HCC）因其侵袭性和对传统治疗的抗性而带来重大挑战。虽然嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法在血液系统癌症中已显示出前景，但其在HCC中的应用受到肿瘤微环境（TME）、T细胞浸润不足和抗原异质性的限制。纳米材料通过增强CAR-T细胞递送、激活、持久性以及克服免疫抑制性TME提供了一种有前景的解决方案。本综述聚焦于纳米颗粒在CAR-T疗法中的应用，突出基于纳米材料的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）递送、光热重塑和水凝胶平台方面的最新进展。此外，纳米材料增强的成像工具能够实时监测CAR-T细胞活性，提高治疗精度和安全性。通过解决当前的局限性，纳米材料介导的CAR-T疗法有潜力变革HCC治疗，为更有效和个性化的癌症免疫治疗铺平道路。
