Deshmukh H G, Weil M H, Rackow E C, Trevino R, Bisera J
Crit Care Med. 1985 Nov;13(11):904-6. doi: 10.1097/00003246-198511000-00010.
Echocardiographic studies were conducted during CPR to establish whether blood flow through the heart was passive or whether cardiac compression accounted for forward blood flow. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on anesthetized minipigs during external CPR and open-chest cardiac massage. With external compression, mitral valve closure was observed during compression systole and valve opening during compression diastole. The aortic valve opened during compression systole and closed during compression diastole. Identical observations were made during open-chest cardiac compression. Left ventricular area was computed during compression systole. A 24% reduction in the area of the left ventricle during precordial compression confirmed left ventricular ejection of blood. Saline tracer was injected into the right and left ventricles. Echocardiographic observation of the tracer demonstrated forward blood flow across the pulmonic and aortic outflow tracts during compression. There was minimal valvular regurgitation. These findings support the concept of cardiac compression as a mechanism for forward blood flow during open- and closed-chest CPR.
在心肺复苏期间进行了超声心动图研究，以确定流经心脏的血流是被动的，还是心脏按压导致了向前的血流。在外部心肺复苏和开胸心脏按摩期间，对麻醉的小型猪进行了M型和二维超声心动图研究。在外部按压时，在按压收缩期观察到二尖瓣关闭，在按压舒张期观察到瓣膜开放。主动脉瓣在按压收缩期开放，在按压舒张期关闭。在开胸心脏按压期间也有相同的观察结果。在按压收缩期计算左心室面积。胸前按压期间左心室面积减少24%，证实了左心室射血。将生理盐水示踪剂注入右心室和左心室。超声心动图对示踪剂的观察显示，在按压期间有向前的血流穿过肺动脉和主动脉流出道。瓣膜反流极少。这些发现支持了心脏按压是开胸和闭胸心肺复苏期间向前血流机制的概念。
