Aboulella Ahmed Mamdouh, Alabi Adetunji, Shehhi Maryam R Al, Zou Linda
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
The Research & Innovation Center for Graphene and 2D Materials (RIC-2D), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Water Environ Res. 2025 Jun;97(6):e70110. doi: 10.1002/wer.70110.
A PAG hydrogel was fabricated by crosslinking of polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium alginate (SA), and graphene oxide (GO). The PAG hydrogel was used for the first time in the fertigation experiments, where the PAG hydrogel was infiltrated with potassium chloride (KCl) and then used to treat real groundwater and to prepare the diluted fertilizer solution, where 26.5 ± 3.5 mL of water was drawn and corresponding to 2.3 L/m h, respectively, and the product water as diluted fertilizer solution achieved a concentration equivalent to 0.14-M KCl deemed suitable for irrigation application. The PAG hydrogel showed a high swelling ratio of 25.8. The PAG hydrogel incorporated with GO nanosheets increased the water drawn by 73% compared with the PA only hydrogel, which was attributed to the introduced slit-like channels by GO nanosheets within the polymeric matrix facilitating water passage. This work also reported using a self-dewatering hydrogel system where the combined weight of the feed solution and testing cell compressed out the absorbed water from the swelled hydrogel continuously. The work's results demonstrated that PAG enhanced by GO nanosheets could be a novel and sustainable draw agent material for fertigation applications, ensuring the treatment of groundwater without requiring additional energy. SUMMARY: PAG hydrogel with GO was fabricated and showed a high swelling ratio KCl-infiltrated PAG hydrogel was used to treat real groundwater in FO fertigation The diluted fertilizer solution was obtained and was suitable for irrigation GO in the hydrogel helped the water passage and increased the water drawn by 73% Hydrogel achieved self-dewatering due to weights of feed solution and testing cell.
通过聚丙烯酸（PAA）、海藻酸钠（SA）和氧化石墨烯（GO）交联制备了一种PAG水凝胶。PAG水凝胶首次用于施肥灌溉实验，在该实验中，PAG水凝胶用氯化钾（KCl）浸润，然后用于处理实际地下水并制备稀释肥料溶液，分别抽取26.5±3.5毫升水，对应流量为2.3升/米·小时，作为稀释肥料溶液的产水达到了相当于0.14 M KCl的浓度，被认为适合灌溉应用。PAG水凝胶显示出25.8的高溶胀率。与仅含PA的水凝胶相比，掺入GO纳米片的PAG水凝胶使吸水量增加了73%，这归因于GO纳米片在聚合物基质中引入的狭缝状通道促进了水的通过。这项工作还报道了使用一种自脱水水凝胶系统，其中进料溶液和测试池的总重量不断将膨胀水凝胶中吸收的水挤出。该工作的结果表明，由GO纳米片增强的PAG可能是一种用于施肥灌溉应用的新型可持续汲取剂材料，可确保在无需额外能源的情况下处理地下水。总结：制备了含GO的PAG水凝胶，其溶胀率高；用KCl浸润的PAG水凝胶用于在正向渗透施肥灌溉中处理实际地下水；获得了适合灌溉的稀释肥料溶液；水凝胶中的GO有助于水的通过，使吸水量增加了73%；由于进料溶液和测试池的重量，水凝胶实现了自脱水。
