Anderson D R, Field D E, Collins P A, Lorch E P, Nathan J G
Child Dev. 1985 Oct;56(5):1345-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00202.x.
Accurate information on behavior of young children at home is crucial to the study of child development. The present study compared parent diaries of 5-year-old children's time spent with television to concurrent automated time-lapse video observations. In addition, a number of control groups were employed to assess the effects of observational equipment in the homes. The sample consisted of 334 mostly white middle-class families, of whom 106 had observational equipment installed. Results indicated no systematic subject selection of families who were willing to have observational equipment as compared to the controls. In addition, there were no differences in reported viewing behavior between the observed families and controls. Of 3 types of parent estimates of 5-year-old TV viewing, concurrent diaries correlated best with video observation (r = .84) and produced a very small absolute mean time error. Direct parent estimates of typical time spent viewing produced smaller correlations and large overestimates as compared with diaries.
准确了解幼儿在家中的行为对于儿童发展研究至关重要。本研究将家长记录的5岁儿童看电视时间的日记与同时期的自动延时视频观察结果进行了比较。此外，还设立了多个对照组来评估家庭中观察设备的影响。样本包括334个主要为白人的中产阶级家庭，其中106个家庭安装了观察设备。结果表明，与对照组相比，愿意安装观察设备的家庭在受试者选择上没有系统性差异。此外，观察家庭和对照组在报告的观看行为上也没有差异。在家长对5岁儿童看电视时间的三种估计类型中，同期日记与视频观察的相关性最好（r = 0.84），且绝对平均时间误差非常小。与日记相比，家长对典型观看时间的直接估计相关性较小且高估程度较大。
