Abdelazim Mohamed H, Alsenani Faisal, Alharbi Adnan, Baali Fahad H, Baali Abdulaziz H, Abduljabbar Maram H, Alnemari Reem M, Algarni Majed A
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Chem. 2025 Jun 19;19(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01530-1.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger involved in olfactory signal transduction. cGMP levels modulate the sensitivity of olfactory neurons and are implicated in olfactory dysfunctions. Previous reports demonstrate that individuals with olfactory dysfunction exhibit lower cGMP levels in the nasal mucus, necessitating precise analytical quantitative methods. Micellar-based spectrofluorimetric methods improve the detection of low concentrations of fluorescent compounds by using micelles to enhance fluorescence and reduce quenching. This study presents a micellar-based spectrofluorimetric method using Tween 80 to enhance the fluorescence intensity of cGMP. cGMP shows a weak emission signal at 350 nm when excited at 255 nm, but the addition of Tween 80 significantly enhances its fluorescence intensity by forming micelles that solubilize the hydrophobic cGMP and reduce quenching effects. These micelles, created by Tween 80, encapsulate cGMP in a hydrophobic core, stabilizing it through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, which further enhances fluorescence. The method was evaluated according to ICH M10 guidelines and demonstrated a linear relationship for cGMP concentrations from 1 to 50 ng/mL, with high accuracy and precision across intra-day and inter-day analyses. It also showed high selectivity, accurately detecting cGMP even in the presence of other substances like albumin and lactoferrin. The method was used to determine cGMP levels in the nasal secretions of nine healthy volunteers and eleven patients with olfactory dysfunction, revealing that cGMP was present in both groups. However, the average cGMP levels were significantly lower in patients with olfactory dysfunction (9.89 ± 1.20 ng/mL) compared to healthy individuals (38.65 ± 3.18 ng/mL).
环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)是一种参与嗅觉信号转导的第二信使。cGMP水平调节嗅觉神经元的敏感性,并与嗅觉功能障碍有关。先前的报告表明,嗅觉功能障碍的个体鼻黏液中的cGMP水平较低,因此需要精确的分析定量方法。基于胶束的荧光光谱法通过使用胶束增强荧光并减少猝灭来改善低浓度荧光化合物的检测。本研究提出了一种基于胶束的荧光光谱法,使用吐温80来增强cGMP的荧光强度。当在255nm处激发时,cGMP在350nm处显示出微弱的发射信号,但加入吐温80会通过形成胶束显著增强其荧光强度,这些胶束可溶解疏水性的cGMP并减少猝灭效应。由吐温80形成的这些胶束将cGMP包裹在疏水核心中,通过氢键和范德华相互作用使其稳定,从而进一步增强荧光。该方法根据ICH M10指南进行评估,结果表明cGMP浓度在1至50 ng/mL范围内呈线性关系,在日内和日间分析中均具有高准确度和精密度。它还显示出高选择性,即使在存在白蛋白和乳铁蛋白等其他物质的情况下也能准确检测cGMP。该方法用于测定9名健康志愿者和11名嗅觉功能障碍患者鼻分泌物中的cGMP水平,结果显示两组均存在cGMP。然而,嗅觉功能障碍患者的平均cGMP水平(9.89±1.20 ng/mL)显著低于健康个体(38.65±3.18 ng/mL)。