Reyes-Chacon Maria Teresa, Lopez-Arellanes Luis Reyner, Leiner Marie
Family Medicine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
J Cancer Educ. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.1007/s13187-025-02667-2.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with mortality rates disproportionately high in less-developed regions. Effective prevention strategies, including educational initiatives, are crucial. This study explores a comprehensive framework for breast cancer prevention by examining the relationship between awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and knowledge of preventive practices among women over 20 years of age. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from January to June 2022 at a Mexican first-contact center on the Mexico-USA border. A convenience sample of 504 women aged ≥ 20 was surveyed using a self-completed questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, epidemiological data, and questions related to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and prevention practices. The sample had a mean age of 41.46 years. Most participants had no family history of breast cancer (77.8%), lived with a partner (73.4%), had children (84.9%), and had breastfed (70.8%). The multiple regression model significantly predicted knowledge of preventive practices (F[8, 495] = 8.793, p < 0.001, adj. R = 0.110), with knowledge of non-modifiable risks, having children, and breastfeeding contributing significantly. Awareness of non-modifiable risk factors was higher than that of modifiable factors, but overall knowledge of both factors and preventive actions remained low. Effective prevention programs for breast cancer must be grounded in a comprehensive understanding of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, which are essential for designing strategies to address the global burden of the disease. The findings underscore the lack of knowledge about modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors which reduce the possibilities for improving breast cancer prevention. Future research should prioritize investigating the causal relationship between risk factor awareness and preventive behaviors, while also developing targeted interventions. These initiatives should be adaptable to diverse demographic and cultural contexts to ensure broad applicability and impact.
乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因，在欠发达地区死亡率尤其高。包括教育举措在内的有效预防策略至关重要。本研究通过考察20岁以上女性对可改变和不可改变风险因素的认知与预防措施知识之间的关系，探索了一个全面的乳腺癌预防框架。2022年1月至6月，在墨西哥与美国边境的一个墨西哥初诊中心进行了一项横断面观察性研究。采用自我填写问卷对504名年龄≥20岁的女性进行便利抽样调查，问卷涵盖社会人口学数据、流行病学数据以及与可改变和不可改变风险因素及预防措施相关的问题。样本的平均年龄为41.46岁。大多数参与者没有乳腺癌家族史（77.8%），与伴侣同住（73.4%），育有子女（84.9%），并且进行过母乳喂养（70.8%）。多元回归模型显著预测了预防措施知识（F[8, 495] = 8.793，p < 0.001，调整后R = 0.110），不可改变风险的知识、育有子女和母乳喂养有显著贡献。对不可改变风险因素的认知高于可改变因素，但对这两类因素及预防行动的总体知识水平仍然较低。有效的乳腺癌预防项目必须基于对可改变和不可改变风险因素的全面理解，这对于设计应对该疾病全球负担的策略至关重要。研究结果强调了对可改变和不可改变风险因素缺乏了解，这降低了改善乳腺癌预防的可能性。未来的研究应优先调查风险因素认知与预防行为之间的因果关系，同时制定有针对性的干预措施。这些举措应能适应不同的人口和文化背景，以确保广泛的适用性和影响力。
