Lei B, Lv G, Mo X, Hua L, Jiang X, Feng B, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Wu F, Wu D, Zhuo Y
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Xinjiang Tycoon Group Co., Ltd, No. 369, Tycoon Street, Ningbian East Road, Changji 831100 Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
Animal. 2025 May 27;19(7):101556. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101556.
Precise measurement of ileal amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients is vital for optimising sows' nutrient requirements and feed utilisation. We hypothesised that the ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for swine, which usually are determined in growing pigs, may not accurately reflect their actual digestibility in gestating sows. This experiment aimed to compare the apparent and standardised ileal CP and amino acid (AA) digestibility of four protein-feed ingredients, including soybean meal, corn distiller' dried grains with solubles (DDGS), rapeseed meal (RSM), and cottonseed meal (CSM), between gestating sows and growing pigs. These feed ingredients were used as the sole sources of CP and AA to formulate four experimental diets for both gestating sows and growing pigs. Two nitrogen-free diets were formulated to estimate the endogenous AA losses for gestating sows and growing pigs, respectively. Ten barrows, with an average weight of 35.0 ± 1.6 kg, were randomly assigned to five treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design (five diets and four periods) with eight replicates. For the sow trial, ten gestating sows, with an average weight of 238.9 ± 9.3 kg, were randomly assigned to five diets in a replicated 5 × 3 incomplete Latin square design (five diets and three periods) with six replicates. Each diet was fed for 7 days: 5 days for adaptation, with ileal digesta collected after the first meal on days six and seven. There were no differences between growing pigs and gestating sows for the standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA from soybean meal. However, gestating sows had greater SID for isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, alanine, cysteine, and glutamic acid from DDGS compared with growing pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, gestating sows had greater SID for CP and AA from RSM, except for lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, and glycine, compared with growing pigs. Gestating sows also had greater SID of leucine (P = 0.02) when fed the CSM diet compared with growing pigs. The reduced SID of CP and AA in growing pigs fed the DDGS, RSM, and CSM diet was associated with decreased activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the ileal digesta. In conclusion, gestating sows had greater ileal AA digestibility for non-conventional feed ingredients such as DDGS, RSM, and CSM, which stresses the importance of a separate feed ingredient value for sows.
精确测定饲料原料中回肠氨基酸消化率对于优化母猪的营养需求和饲料利用率至关重要。我们推测，通常在生长猪中测定的猪饲料原料的回肠氨基酸消化率可能无法准确反映其在妊娠母猪中的实际消化率。本试验旨在比较妊娠母猪和生长猪对四种蛋白质饲料原料（包括豆粕、玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）、菜籽粕（RSM）和棉籽粕（CSM））的表观回肠和标准回肠粗蛋白（CP）及氨基酸（AA）消化率。这些饲料原料用作CP和AA的唯一来源，为妊娠母猪和生长猪分别配制四种试验日粮。配制两种无氮日粮分别估计妊娠母猪和生长猪的内源氨基酸损失。选用10头平均体重35.0±1.6 kg的公猪，采用重复5×4不完全拉丁方设计（五种日粮和四个阶段），每个处理8个重复，随机分为5个处理组。在母猪试验中，选用10头平均体重238.9±9.3 kg的妊娠母猪，采用重复5×3不完全拉丁方设计（五种日粮和三个阶段），每个处理6个重复，随机分为5个处理组。每种日粮饲喂7天：5天适应期，在第6天和第7天第一餐后收集回肠食糜。生长猪和妊娠母猪对豆粕中CP和AA的标准回肠消化率（SID）没有差异。然而，与生长猪相比，妊娠母猪对DDGS中异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的SID更高（P<0.05）。此外，与生长猪相比，妊娠母猪对RSM中除赖氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸外的CP和AA的SID更高。与生长猪相比，妊娠母猪饲喂CSM日粮时亮氨酸的SID也更高（P=0.02）。生长猪饲喂DDGS、RSM和CSM日粮时CP和AA的SID降低与回肠食糜中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性降低有关。总之，妊娠母猪对DDGS、RSM和CSM等非常规饲料原料的回肠氨基酸消化率更高，这突出了为母猪单独确定饲料原料价值的重要性。
