Hastrup J L
Health Psychol. 1985;4(4):389-97. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.4.4.389.
There is a conflict between the rest of the family's right to medical confidentiality and the individual's need to know about health risks for which she or he may show increased susceptibility. Research has shown increased risk in the development of a variety of disorders for those with a positive family history. In many cases the familial predisposition appears to interact with alterable environmental factors (e.g., diet). This suggests a need for targeting of preventive efforts at those at highest risk. As success of early detection and prevention programs increase, there will appear an increased need for accurate family health history information as an aid in early identification. Research on accuracy of family health information (Hastrup, Hotchkiss & Johnson, this issue) shows extensive inaccuracy. Implications of inaccurate information for self-directed and public health prevention are described. Research and progress in prevention will likely accelerate, continuing to alter the traditional view from one of the individual with a personal health history to one in which individuals share a familial (genetic + shared environment + similar behavior patterns) risk with others, who may also benefit from preventive programs.
家庭其他成员的医疗保密权与个人了解自身可能更易患健康风险的需求之间存在冲突。研究表明，家族病史呈阳性的人患多种疾病的风险会增加。在许多情况下，家族易感性似乎与可变的环境因素（如饮食）相互作用。这表明需要针对风险最高的人群开展预防工作。随着早期检测和预防项目成功率的提高，对准确的家族健康史信息作为早期识别辅助手段的需求也会增加。关于家族健康信息准确性的研究（哈斯特鲁普、霍奇基斯和约翰逊，本期）显示存在广泛的不准确情况。文中描述了不准确信息对自我导向预防和公共卫生预防的影响。预防方面的研究和进展可能会加速，继续改变传统观念，从关注有个人健康史的个体，转变为关注个体与他人共同承担家族（基因+共同环境+相似行为模式）风险，而他人也可能从预防项目中受益。
