Kvart C, Carlsten J, Jeffcott L B, Nilsfors L
Equine Vet J. 1985 Sep;17(5):357-60. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02520.x.
M-mode echocardiography is a safe and practical means of using ultrasound to evaluate the dynamic movements of cardiac structures. The technique can be refined by using a simple contrast medium in the form of carbon dioxide mixed with heparinised blood to provide a strong echogenic result. This technique was employed in a series of 15 normal conscious standing horses and in three animals with specific cardiac defects. In the clinical cases it was possible to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate between a congenital septal defect and mitral regurgitation. The method was found to be safe and relatively simple to perform using percutaneous insertion of catheters. The intracardiac catheterisation was trouble free and no clinical side effects to direct injection of the carbon dioxide contrast medium into the heart were demonstrated.
M型超声心动图是一种利用超声评估心脏结构动态运动的安全实用方法。通过使用以二氧化碳与肝素化血液混合形式存在的简单造影剂来增强回声效果，可使该技术得到改进。该技术应用于15匹正常清醒站立的马以及3例患有特定心脏缺陷的动物。在临床病例中，能够确诊并区分先天性间隔缺损和二尖瓣反流。结果发现，该方法安全且使用经皮插入导管操作相对简单。心内导管插入术顺利，未显示将二氧化碳造影剂直接注入心脏会产生临床副作用。
