Wang Junwen, Ma Jun, Hu Teng, Ye Yuyang, Zhao Yifei, Abulikemu Simayi, Chen Xuefeng, Hu Xinru, Yu Jiang, Li Changming, Peng Yong
Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu 610041, China.
Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu 610041, China.
Addict Behav. 2025 Nov;170:108413. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108413. Epub 2025 Jun 18.
Exposure to smoking or secondhand smoke during childhood and adolescence is linked to various diseases, highlighting the importance of exploring trends in secondhand smoke exposure. Our study examines trends in cotinine (COT) levels and the prevalence of high COT from 1999 to 2020, analyzing the data by gender, age, race, and income level.
In this analysis, data from ten National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles, conducted from 1999-2000 to 2017-2020, were utilized. We calculated the mean COT levels and the proportion of secondhand smoke exposure changes, and used linear and quadratic tests to assess the linear and nonlinear trends in these changes.
A total of 23,616 participants aged 6 to 19-year-old were included. COT levels, decreased from 11.47 ng/ml to 6.17 ng/ml. The prevalence of high cotinine in females decreased from 14.02 % to 6.19 %, and in males, it decreased from 15.20 % to 11.04 %.Cotinine levels varied by age group: 16-19 years (from 35.98 ng/ml to 17.24 ng/ml), 13-15 years (from 10.71 ng/ml to 5.85 ng/ml), 10-12 years (from 1.24 ng/ml to 0.27 ng/ml), and 6-9 years (from 0.59 ng/ml to 0.40 ng/ml).The prevalence of high COT in the ≤ 100 % PIR group (from 21.03 % to 12.66 %), 100 %-299 % PIR group (from 13.84 % to 8.31 %), and 300 %-499 % PIR group (from 9.88 % to 8.96 %) all showed a declining trend.
The trends in COT levels and the prevalence of high COT showed a declining pattern over time. COT levels and the prevalence of high COT were higher among children and adolescents with lower income levels. Adolescents aged 16 - 19 had significantly higher COT levels and a higher prevalence of high COT compared to other age groups.
儿童和青少年时期接触吸烟或二手烟与多种疾病有关，这凸显了探索二手烟暴露趋势的重要性。我们的研究调查了1999年至2020年期间可替宁（COT）水平的趋势以及高COT患病率，并按性别、年龄、种族和收入水平对数据进行了分析。
在本分析中，使用了1999 - 2000年至2017 - 2020年期间十个国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）周期的数据。我们计算了平均COT水平和二手烟暴露变化的比例，并使用线性和二次检验来评估这些变化的线性和非线性趋势。
总共纳入了23616名6至19岁的参与者。COT水平从11.47纳克/毫升降至6.17纳克/毫升。女性中高可替宁的患病率从14.02%降至6.19%，男性则从15.20%降至11.04%。COT水平因年龄组而异：16 - 19岁（从35.98纳克/毫升降至17.24纳克/毫升），13 - 15岁（从10.71纳克/毫升降至5.85纳克/毫升），10 - 12岁（从1.24纳克/毫升降至0.27纳克/毫升），6 - 9岁（从0.59纳克/毫升降至0.40纳克/毫升）。≤100%贫困收入比（PIR）组中高COT的患病率（从21.03%降至12.66%），100% - 299% PIR组（从13.84%降至8.31%），以及300% - 499% PIR组（从9.88%降至8.96%）均呈下降趋势。
COT水平和高COT患病率的趋势随时间呈下降模式。低收入水平的儿童和青少年中COT水平和高COT患病率更高。与其他年龄组相比，16 - 19岁的青少年COT水平显著更高，高COT患病率也更高。
