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强迫现象中的恐惧自我、推理混乱与神奇观念

Feared Self, Inferential Confusion, and Magical Ideation in Obsessive Compulsive Phenomena.

作者信息

Yang Yoon-Hee, Jaeger Tess, Moulding Richard

机构信息

School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.

School of Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

出版信息

Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 May-Jun;32(3):e70103. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70103.

Abstract

Recent literature suggests that the feared self, a version of self that one is afraid of becoming, is related to obsessive-compulsive (OC) phenomena. However, as this construct is not specific, the existence of the feared self itself does not fully explain why some people may develop obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) while others do not. This indicates that other constructs may play a role, in particular those that may influence the tendency of individuals endorsing negative imagined possibilities over reality-including inferential confusion and magical ideation. Inferential confusion is a reasoning bias specific to OCD and may be able to explain how OC symptoms develop from more general vulnerable self-themes and intrusions commonly reported in the general population. Additionally, magical ideation is another important cognitive bias that could explain the strong beliefs individuals with OCD have with respect to the effectiveness of compulsive rituals. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the relationships among these three constructs. Using a nonclinical population (N = 385), this study supported the proposed moderated-mediation model conducted via PROCESS. The link between the feared self and OCD symptoms was mediated by inferential confusion, and magical ideation was a moderator of the effects of inferential confusion. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical support for the role of the feared self in predicting OC symptoms. It elucidates how a vulnerable self-view may escalate to OCD symptoms via inferential confusion, with the relationship strengthened further by beliefs in magical ideation which is often employed by individuals under stress. SUMMARY: While feared self is associated with obsessive-compulsive (OC) phenomena, on its own it is insufficient to explain why only some individuals may develop symptoms. The reasoning bias of inferential confusion, where individuals endorse imagined possibilities over reality, was found to mediate this relationship. Magical ideation, the tendency to have beliefs that defy culturally accepted laws of causality, amplified the effects that inferential confusion had on OC symptom severity. While a nonclinical study, this suggests that clinical interventions that directly target cognitive biases such as inferential confusion and magical ideation, along with feared self, may enhance treatment efficacy.

摘要

近期文献表明,恐惧自我,即一个人害怕成为的自我版本,与强迫现象有关。然而,由于这一概念并不具体,恐惧自我本身的存在并不能完全解释为什么有些人会患上强迫症(OCD)而另一些人不会。这表明其他概念可能起了作用,特别是那些可能影响个体更倾向于认可负面想象可能性而非现实的概念,包括推理混乱和神奇观念。推理混乱是强迫症特有的一种推理偏差,或许能够解释强迫症状是如何从一般人群中常见的更普遍的脆弱自我主题和侵扰中发展而来的。此外,神奇观念是另一种重要的认知偏差,它可以解释强迫症患者对强迫仪式有效性的强烈信念。然而,据我们所知,迄今为止尚无研究调查这三个概念之间的关系。本研究以非临床人群(N = 385)为样本,支持了通过PROCESS进行的所提出的有调节的中介模型。恐惧自我与强迫症状之间的联系由推理混乱介导,而神奇观念是推理混乱效应的调节变量。本研究通过为恐惧自我在预测强迫症状中的作用提供实证支持,为该文献做出了贡献。它阐明了一个脆弱的自我观如何通过推理混乱升级为强迫症状,而这种关系会因对神奇观念的信念(压力下的个体常持有这种信念)而进一步加强。总结:虽然恐惧自我与强迫现象有关,但仅凭它不足以解释为什么只有一些个体可能出现症状。推理混乱这种推理偏差,即个体更认可想象可能性而非现实,被发现介导了这种关系。神奇观念,即持有违背文化上公认因果律信念的倾向,放大了推理混乱对强迫症状严重程度的影响。虽然这是一项非临床研究,但这表明直接针对推理混乱和神奇观念等认知偏差以及恐惧自我的临床干预可能会提高治疗效果。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d0bc/12181660/85e6da4abc7f/CPP-32-e70103-g001.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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Feared self and morality in obsessive-compulsive phenomena.
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