细菌细胞外囊泡在胃肠道疾病中的应用。

Application of bacterial extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal diseases.

作者信息

Wang Yajun, Zu Menghang, Li Baoyi, Reis Rui L, Kundu Subhas C, Xiao Bo

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-694, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal.

出版信息

Trends Biotechnol. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.05.022.

DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.05.022

PMID:40544012

Abstract

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoscale spherical particles with lipid bilayer membranes containing diverse functional components from their parent bacteria. They exert pivotal effects on bacteria-bacteria and host-bacteria communication. Analyzing the dynamic changes in the production and composition of BEVs provides insights into the relationship between gut microbiota and host health, offering valuable perspectives for diagnosing various gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, BEVs can be employed as natural medications and drug delivery vehicles for inflammation management, cancer treatment, and vaccine development. This review summarizes the structural composition, generation mechanism, and biomedical applications of BEVs, emphasizing recent advances in immune regulation, gut microbiota modulation, and the clinical translation challenges associated with gastrointestinal diseases.

摘要

细菌细胞外囊泡（BEVs）是具有脂质双分子层膜的纳米级球形颗粒，包含来自其亲本细菌的多种功能成分。它们对细菌间和宿主与细菌间的通讯发挥着关键作用。分析BEVs产生和组成的动态变化有助于深入了解肠道微生物群与宿主健康之间的关系，为诊断各种胃肠道疾病提供有价值的视角。此外，BEVs可作为天然药物和药物递送载体用于炎症管理、癌症治疗和疫苗开发。本综述总结了BEVs的结构组成、生成机制和生物医学应用，重点介绍了免疫调节、肠道微生物群调节方面的最新进展以及与胃肠道疾病相关的临床转化挑战。