Balolia Katharine L
School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
J Anat. 2025 Jun 22. doi: 10.1111/joa.70015.
Sagittal crests are observed among some primate species, including early extinct hominins, however the majority of research investigating sagittal cresting among extant primates has been confined to catarrhines. Sagittal cresting has not been well-investigated among capuchin monkeys, and understanding whether there are taxonomic differences in the frequency and pattern of sagittal cresting among gracile and robust capuchin species, or whether sagittal crest expression is only confined to the males of some species, may yield important insights in a comparative context, to better understand the underlying basis for the frequency and pattern of sagittal cresting among australopithecine species. In the research presented here, I investigate whether there are interspecific differences in the frequency and pattern of sagittal cresting, and sexual dimorphism in cresting frequency among six capuchin species, representing three gracile capuchin species (Cebus albifrons, Cebus capucinus and Cebus olivaceus) and three robust capuchin species (Cebus apella, Cebus macrocephalus and Cebus libidinosus). I collected sagittal cresting data for 279 dentally mature cranial specimens using 3D models. There are interspecific differences in the frequency of sagittal cresting among capuchin species, with four out of the six species investigated (C. capucinus, C. apella, C. macrocephalus and C. libidinosus) showing sagittal crests. There are significant sex differences in the frequency of sagittal cresting in C. capucinus and robust capuchin species (C. apella, C. libidinosus, C. macrocephalus). I further show that there are interspecific differences in the pattern of sagittal cresting among the four species that exhibit sagittal crests. Sagittal cresting in C. capucinus occurs in the posterior region of the neurocranium, in contrast to the robust capuchin species, whose sagittal crests mainly extend from anterior to bregma, to the posterior cranial region at the midline. The underlying reasons for interspecific and sex differences in the frequency and pattern of sagittal cresting among species are yet to be elucidated, and may be associated with dietary, habitat or socioecological differences among capuchin groups.
在一些灵长类物种中可以观察到矢状嵴，包括早期已灭绝的古人类，然而，大多数关于现存灵长类动物矢状嵴的研究都局限于狭鼻猴类。卷尾猴的矢状嵴尚未得到充分研究，了解在纤细型和粗壮型卷尾猴物种中矢状嵴的频率和模式是否存在分类学差异，或者矢状嵴的表达是否仅局限于某些物种的雄性，可能会在比较的背景下产生重要的见解，以便更好地理解南方古猿物种中矢状嵴的频率和模式的潜在基础。在本文所呈现的研究中，我调查了六个卷尾猴物种（代表三个纤细型卷尾猴物种：白额卷尾猴、褐喉卷尾猴和橄榄色卷尾猴，以及三个粗壮型卷尾猴物种：黑帽卷尾猴、大头卷尾猴和僧面卷尾猴）在矢状嵴的频率和模式上是否存在种间差异，以及在嵴频率上是否存在两性差异。我使用三维模型收集了279个牙齿成熟的颅骨标本的矢状嵴数据。卷尾猴物种在矢状嵴频率上存在种间差异，在所研究的六个物种中有四个（褐喉卷尾猴、黑帽卷尾猴、大头卷尾猴和僧面卷尾猴）显示有矢状嵴。在褐喉卷尾猴和粗壮型卷尾猴物种（黑帽卷尾猴、僧面卷尾猴、大头卷尾猴）中，矢状嵴频率存在显著的性别差异。我进一步表明，在显示有矢状嵴的四个物种中，矢状嵴的模式存在种间差异。褐喉卷尾猴的矢状嵴出现在脑颅的后部区域，而粗壮型卷尾猴物种的矢状嵴主要从前囟延伸到中线的后颅区域。物种间矢状嵴频率和模式的种间及性别差异的潜在原因尚待阐明，可能与卷尾猴群体之间的饮食、栖息地或社会生态差异有关。
