Hama Aziz Kosar Hikmat, Mustafa Fryad S, Karim Mozart A H, Hama Sarkawt
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaymaniyah City 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaymaniyah City 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Aug;390:126245. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126245. Epub 2025 Jun 21.
Water contamination by hazardous organic chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes, is a growing environmental concern due to their persistence, low biodegradability, and toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health, even at trace concentrations. Thus, it is important to remove the organic pollutants before discharge into the environment. Various techniques, including degradation, adsorption, and membrane separation, have been utilized for organic contaminant removal. Among them, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven to be highly effective for water treatment. Biochar has emerged as a sustainable catalyst in AOPs for organic pollutant removal from water, offering several advantages over traditional methods. Its low cost, low toxicity, high surface area, porosity, and varied active sites contribute to its effectiveness. This review explores various biochar production and modification methods, focusing on its role as an activator in both radical and non-radical AOP pathways. It also discusses the mechanisms by which biochar generates reactive species in AOPs. The choice of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, including temperature and residence time, plays a critical role in determining activation efficiency. Combining different AOPs has shown potential for developing efficient hybrid technologies. Although research on biochar catalytic performance in AOPs has progressed, the field remains at an early stage, requiring further advancements for large-scale application and commercialization. This review highlights key aspects, emerging perspectives, and challenges in the removal of organic pollutants via AOPs using biochar as an activation catalyst, offering insights for future research on the development, regeneration, and scaling of biochar-based AOPs for commercial applications.
包括药物、农药和染料在内的有害有机化学物质对水的污染，正日益引起环境方面的关注，因为它们具有持久性、低生物降解性，即使在痕量浓度下也会对水生生态系统和人类健康产生毒性影响。因此，在排放到环境之前去除有机污染物非常重要。包括降解、吸附和膜分离在内的各种技术已被用于去除有机污染物。其中，高级氧化工艺（AOPs）已被证明对水处理非常有效。生物炭已成为AOPs中用于去除水中有机污染物的一种可持续催化剂，与传统方法相比具有多个优点。其低成本、低毒性、高比表面积、孔隙率和多样的活性位点促成了它的有效性。本综述探讨了各种生物炭的生产和改性方法，重点关注其在自由基和非自由基AOP途径中作为活化剂的作用。它还讨论了生物炭在AOPs中产生活性物种的机制。生物质原料的选择和热解条件，包括温度和停留时间，在决定活化效率方面起着关键作用。结合不同的AOPs已显示出开发高效混合技术的潜力。尽管关于生物炭在AOPs中的催化性能的研究已经取得进展，但该领域仍处于早期阶段，需要进一步推进以实现大规模应用和商业化。本综述强调了使用生物炭作为活化催化剂通过AOPs去除有机污染物的关键方面、新出现的观点和挑战，为未来关于基于生物炭的AOPs的开发、再生和扩大规模以用于商业应用的研究提供了见解。
