Gope Arpita, Rawani Anjali
Laboratory of Parasitology, Vector Biology, Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, The University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Vector Biology, Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, The University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India.
Exp Parasitol. 2025 Aug;275:108968. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108968. Epub 2025 Jun 20.
The recurring global outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases and the lack of vaccines, and preventive therapeutic approaches to combat diseases coupled with insecticide resistance, eventually emphasize the necessity of developing biological system-focused mosquito control strategies. In the present study, aqueous leaf extract from the Phyllanthus acidus L. plant was used to synthesize the metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as silver, copper oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, characterization has been carried out and their efficacies were also tested against the early 3rd instar larvae of the major mosquito vectors. According to analytical characterization, the silver (Ag), copper (CuO), iron (FeO), and zinc (ZnO) NPs had face-centered cubic crystallites with average sizes of 50, 52.33, 40.56, and 79.45nm, respectively. The agglomerated and clustered surface shape of MNPs was confirmed by FE-SEM analysis, and EDX tests were used to determine the fundamental composition of each particle. When exposed to 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of metal nanoparticles, the larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles was found to be superior to that of other nanoparticles demonstrating efficacy in the following order: silver > iron > copper > zinc against the larvae of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus, Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui and dengue vector Aedes albopictus. After 72 h of exposure, the AgNPs had very little detrimental impact on the non-targeted organisms (Chironomus sp. larvae), causing 3.33 % of deaths. The exposure of MNPs to control larval body homogenates resulted in a considerable decrease in the key esterase enzymes, namely acetylcholinesterase, α-and β-carboxyl esterase, and GST enzymes. According to the present results, MNPs made from P. acidus leaf extracts have a strong enough negative effect to reduce the prevalence of vector mosquitoes.
蚊媒疾病在全球反复爆发，且缺乏疫苗以及对抗疾病的预防性治疗方法，再加上杀虫剂抗性问题，最终凸显了制定以生物系统为重点的蚊虫控制策略的必要性。在本研究中，使用了余甘子植物的水叶提取物来合成金属纳米颗粒（MNPs），如银、氧化铜、氧化铁和氧化锌，已对其进行了表征，并测试了它们对主要蚊虫媒介三龄初期幼虫的功效。根据分析表征，银（Ag）、铜（CuO）、铁（FeO）和锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒具有面心立方微晶，平均尺寸分别为50、52.33、40.56和79.45nm。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）分析证实了MNPs的团聚和聚集表面形状，并使用能谱分析（EDX）测试来确定每个颗粒的基本组成。当暴露于1、5、10、15和20ppm的金属纳米颗粒时，发现银纳米颗粒的杀幼虫活性优于其他纳米颗粒，对丝虫病媒介致倦库蚊、日本脑炎媒介致倦库蚊和登革热媒介白纹伊蚊幼虫的功效顺序为：银＞铁＞铜＞锌。暴露72小时后，AgNPs对非目标生物（摇蚊幼虫）的有害影响很小，死亡率为3.33%。MNPs暴露于对照幼虫身体匀浆中导致关键酯酶，即乙酰胆碱酯酶、α和β羧酸酯酶以及谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）酶显著减少。根据目前的结果，由余甘子叶提取物制成的MNPs具有足够强的负面影响，可降低媒介蚊虫的流行率。
