A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Latest Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Techniques and Outcomes for Brain and Spinal Surgeries.

Minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques offer reduced surgical trauma, lower complication rates, and faster recovery compared to traditional open procedures. Approaches such as keyhole craniotomy, endoscopic skull base surgery, endovascular neurosurgery, and percutaneous spinal techniques have advanced the management of cranial and spinal pathologies. These methods aim to minimize tissue disruption, blood loss, and hospital stay while maintaining surgical efficacy. This narrative review explores their evolution, applications, and advantages in modern neurosurgery.