Tzimourta Katerina D
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, GRC.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 13;17(6):e85897. doi: 10.7759/cureus.85897. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Human-centered design (HCD) has emerged as a critical approach for developing digital health technologies that are usable, acceptable, and effective within complex healthcare environments. Rooted in systems theory, ergonomics, and information systems research, HCD prioritizes the needs, capabilities, and limitations of diverse user groups - including patients, clinicians, and caregivers - throughout the design and implementation process. This review synthesizes current applications of HCD in four key domains: brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems AI-CDSS, and mobile health (mHealth) technologies. It explores design frameworks, usability strategies, and models of human-technology collaboration that contribute to successful adoption and sustained use. Ethical and legal considerations - such as data privacy, informed consent, and algorithmic fairness - are also addressed, particularly in contexts involving biometric and neurophysiological data. While HCD practices have shown substantial potential to improve digital health outcomes, their implementation remains uneven across technologies and settings. Emerging trends, including adaptive personalization, explainable AI, and participatory co-design, are identified as promising directions for the development of more inclusive, trustworthy, and sustainable digital health innovations.
以人为本的设计（HCD）已成为开发数字健康技术的关键方法，这些技术在复杂的医疗环境中具有可用性、可接受性和有效性。HCD植根于系统理论、人机工程学和信息系统研究，在整个设计和实施过程中，将包括患者、临床医生和护理人员在内的不同用户群体的需求、能力和局限性作为优先考虑因素。本综述综合了HCD在四个关键领域的当前应用：脑机接口（BCI）、增强现实和虚拟现实（AR/VR）、基于人工智能（AI）的临床决策支持系统AI-CDSS以及移动健康（mHealth）技术。它探讨了有助于成功采用和持续使用的设计框架、可用性策略以及人机技术协作模型。还讨论了伦理和法律考量，如数据隐私、知情同意和算法公平性，特别是在涉及生物特征和神经生理数据的情况下。虽然HCD实践已显示出改善数字健康结果的巨大潜力，但其在不同技术和环境中的实施仍然不均衡。新兴趋势，包括自适应个性化、可解释人工智能和参与式协同设计，被确定为开发更具包容性、可信性和可持续性的数字健康创新的有前景的方向。
