Hooper Alison D, Marquez Jodie, Bajorek Beata, Cooper Joyce M, Newby David
School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2025 May 31;19:100619. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100619. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Pharmacists are accessible, trusted healthcare professionals who are well-positioned to contribute to Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM), yet their roles remain underutilised. Previous research using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model identified behavioural barriers and enablers influencing pharmacists' engagement in SEM and collaboration with physiotherapists.
To design a theory-informed intervention toolkit to enhance pharmacists' engagement in SEM and support pharmacist-physiotherapist collaboration, using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework.
A structured, three-stage intervention mapping approach guided by the BCW was used. This included: (i) understanding behaviour and identifying influencing factors using COM-B analysis; (ii) identifying appropriate intervention functions and supporting policy categories; and (iii) selecting Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) and preferred modes of delivery based on the APEASE criteria.
Pharmacists' engagement in SEM is influenced by multiple barriers, including unclear role definitions, limited training and systemic constraints such as time and remuneration. Key enablers include pharmacists' medicines expertise, accessibility and motivation to collaborate. Six intervention functions and five policy categories were identified as suitable. Fifteen BCTs (e.g., goal setting, social support, prompts/cues) were selected to inform intervention content and delivery strategies, with various modes of delivery proposed.
The BCW framework provided a structured method for developing an intervention toolkit aimed at enhancing pharmacists' engagement in SEM and collaboration with physiotherapists. The resulting strategies address key behavioural determinants and offer a foundation for future implementation. However, as the study focused on intervention design rather than implementation, further research is needed to assess the feasibility and real-world impact of the proposed strategies.
药剂师是容易接触到且值得信赖的医疗保健专业人员，他们在运动与锻炼医学（SEM）领域具有很大的贡献潜力，但他们的作用仍未得到充分利用。先前使用能力、机会、动机 - 行为（COM - B）模型的研究确定了影响药剂师参与运动与锻炼医学以及与物理治疗师合作的行为障碍和促进因素。
使用行为改变轮（BCW）框架设计一个基于理论的干预工具包，以增强药剂师对运动与锻炼医学的参与度，并支持药剂师与物理治疗师的合作。
采用了由BCW指导的结构化三阶段干预映射方法。这包括：（i）使用COM - B分析理解行为并识别影响因素；（ii）确定适当的干预功能和支持性政策类别；（iii）根据APEASE标准选择行为改变技术（BCTs）和首选的实施方式。
药剂师参与运动与锻炼医学受到多种障碍的影响，包括角色定义不明确、培训有限以及时间和薪酬等系统限制。关键促进因素包括药剂师的药物专业知识、可及性和合作动机。确定了六种干预功能和五个政策类别是合适的。选择了十五种行为改变技术（例如，目标设定、社会支持、提示/线索）来指导干预内容和实施策略，并提出了各种实施方式。
BCW框架为开发旨在增强药剂师对运动与锻炼医学的参与度以及与物理治疗师合作的干预工具包提供了一种结构化方法。由此产生的策略解决了关键行为决定因素，并为未来的实施提供了基础。然而，由于该研究侧重于干预设计而非实施，需要进一步研究来评估所提出策略的可行性和实际影响。
