Dorelli Gianluigi, Giuriato Gaia, Zamboni Giovanni, Daini Michael, Cominacini Mattia, Carbonare Luca Giuseppe Dalle, Wang Eivind, Crisafulli Ernesto, Schena Federico, Venturelli Massimo
Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2025 Jun;35(6):e70088. doi: 10.1111/sms.70088.
Although many studies have investigated whether aerobic training in hypoxia (IHT) could bring advantages to maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O) and sea-level performance when compared to analogous normoxic training (NT), the literature results are inconsistent. This variability may come from differences in population, training protocols, hypoxic methods, and potential bias. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis with strict inclusion criteria is needed to assess the effects of aerobic IHT on V̇O and performance. This study aims to review previous meta-analyses and analyze all parallel-design studies examining the effect of aerobic IHT compared to NT on V̇O and sea-level aerobic performance. Systematic research was conducted following PRISMA guidelines regarding the effects of aerobic IHT on sea-level V̇O and performance outcomes. The analysis accounted for characteristics of the population, training protocol, hypoxic environment, and publication details. A total of 35 studies involving 524 participants were included. The analysis showed that IHT, compared to NT, did not significantly improve V̇O (p = 0.333), peak power output (p = 0.159), and time to exhaustion (p = 0.410). Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences based on fitness level (p = 0.690) and exercise modality (p = 0.900); however, a publication bias was found (p = 0.004). These results suggest that, despite some enthusiastic findings in the literature, possibly influenced by publication-related biases, aerobic IHT does not offer superior improvement in V̇O and performance compared with NT. Therefore, adding hypoxia to aerobic exercise does not enhance training adaptations.
尽管许多研究探讨了与类似的常氧训练（NT）相比，低氧环境下的有氧训练（IHT）是否能给最大摄氧量（V̇O）和海平面运动表现带来优势，但文献结果并不一致。这种变异性可能源于人群、训练方案、低氧方法以及潜在偏差的差异。因此，需要进行一项具有严格纳入标准的综合荟萃分析，以评估有氧IHT对V̇O和运动表现的影响。本研究旨在回顾以往的荟萃分析，并分析所有平行设计研究，这些研究考察了与NT相比，有氧IHT对V̇O和海平面有氧运动表现的影响。按照PRISMA指南对有氧IHT对海平面V̇O和运动表现结果的影响进行了系统研究。该分析考虑了人群特征、训练方案、低氧环境和发表细节。总共纳入了35项研究，涉及524名参与者。分析表明，与NT相比，IHT并没有显著提高V̇O（p = 0.333）、峰值功率输出（p = 0.159）和力竭时间（p = 0.410）。亚组分析发现，基于健康水平（p = 0.690）和运动方式（p = 0.900）没有显著差异；然而，发现了发表偏倚（p = 0.004）。这些结果表明，尽管文献中有一些令人振奋的发现，可能受到与发表相关偏倚的影响，但与NT相比，有氧IHT在V̇O和运动表现方面并没有提供更好的改善。因此，在有氧运动中添加低氧环境并不能增强训练适应性。
