Trichophyton Quinckeanum: Renaissance of the Mouse Favus Pathogen in Central Germany.

BACKGROUND

Trichophyton quinckeanum is a zoophilic dermatophyte causing mouse favus, that was only sporadically detected in Germany for decades. Since 2014, an increasing number of isolates have been found in central Germany, giving rise to dermatophyte skin infections and skin appendix infections like tinea capitis or even kerion Celsi.

OBJECTIVES

The goal of this study was to characterize the specific features of dermatophyte infections due to T. quinckeanum.

METHODS

We collected the data of 550 isolates of T. quinckeanum from Germany between March 2014 and December 2024 in the laboratory in Mölbis, Germany, in order to identify specific features of the zoophilic dermatophyte infection.

RESULTS

To our knowledge, we present the highest number of cases ever published. Infection rates show a yearly recurring increase in autumn and winter months, whereas infection rates in spring and summer months are typically low. The peak of infections in the current epidemic in central Germany was seen in 2021. Mainly children, teenagers and young adults are affected.

CONCLUSIONS

T. quinckeanum has now become a relevant pathogen in Germany and surrounding countries. Even though the current epidemic is in decline, it is to be expected that in the future, infection rates will again correlate with the cyclic mouse population numbers, as they are the main source of infection. Climate change may also play an important role for mouse populations. Transmission to humans typically occurs via an intermediate host like cats (and less likely dogs), which is why pet owners are most at risk.