Neittaanmäki Henriikka, Javela Hanna-Maaria, Kuningas Essi, Koskinen Katja, Tilamaa Anni, Rajamäki Minna, Viitanen Sanna, Airas Niina
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Vet Pathol. 2025 Jun 24:3009858251349138. doi: 10.1177/03009858251349138.
Chronic inflammatory rhinitis (CIR) is among the most common causes of chronic nasal signs in dogs. Despite research efforts, the etiology of CIR remains mostly undiscovered. The aim of our study was to describe the histological findings in nasal biopsies of control dogs without signs of nasal disease compared to dogs with CIR. The study groups were control dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study ( = 20) and previously collected, archived nasal biopsies from dogs diagnosed with CIR ( = 20). A CIR diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, computed tomography, rhinoscopy, and histopathological findings indicative of CIR. Inflammatory cell counts and changes in the mucosal epithelium and associated lamina propria were evaluated from nasal biopsy specimens. The numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells ( < .0001), neutrophils ( < .0001), and eosinophils ( = .0016) in the lamina propria, and mucosal intraepithelial leukocytes ( < .0001) were significantly higher in dogs with CIR compared to control dogs. A small population of leukocytes was also observed in control dogs, likely representing a physiological immune cell population. The type of inflammation in CIR is not purely lymphoplasmacytic, as both neutrophils and eosinophils were also detected in CIR dogs. The mucosal epithelium was thicker ( = .006), and visible goblet cells ( < .001) were decreased, in dogs with CIR, with a multifocal loss of cilia in some dogs, which may represent a form of respiratory epithelial metaplasia. Epithelial alterations likely play a role in the pathophysiology of CIR and contribute to the clinical signs.
慢性炎症性鼻炎（CIR）是犬类慢性鼻部症状最常见的病因之一。尽管进行了研究，但CIR的病因大多仍未明确。我们研究的目的是描述无鼻部疾病体征的对照犬与患有CIR的犬的鼻活检组织学发现。研究组为因与本研究无关的原因实施安乐死的对照犬（n = 20）以及先前收集并存档的被诊断为CIR的犬的鼻活检组织（n = 20）。CIR的诊断基于临床表现、计算机断层扫描、鼻镜检查以及提示CIR的组织病理学发现。从鼻活检标本评估炎症细胞计数以及黏膜上皮和相关固有层的变化。与对照犬相比，患有CIR的犬固有层中的淋巴细胞、浆细胞（P < 0.0001）、中性粒细胞（P < 0.0001）和嗜酸性粒细胞（P = 0.0016）以及黏膜上皮内白细胞（P < 0.0001）数量显著更高。在对照犬中也观察到少量白细胞，可能代表生理性免疫细胞群体。CIR中的炎症类型并非单纯的淋巴细胞 - 浆细胞性炎症，因为在患有CIR的犬中也检测到了中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞。患有CIR的犬的黏膜上皮更厚（P = 0.006），可见杯状细胞减少（P < 0.001），部分犬存在多灶性纤毛缺失，这可能代表一种呼吸道上皮化生形式。上皮改变可能在CIR的病理生理学中起作用并导致临床症状。
