Vallée Gregory, Xi David, Avramovic Gordana, O'Kelly Brendan, Lambert John S
Catherine McAuley Education & Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Catherine McAuley Education & Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 24;20(6):e0326790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326790. eCollection 2025.
This is a 3.5-year single-center observational cohort study investigating the longitudinal impact of Long Covid on the physical and mental health of patients. Patients were assessed at 3 months, 1 year, and 3.5-years post-infection using the 12-item Short Form Survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised questionnaire. Additionally, a clinical symptom review was conducted for patients with persistent Long Covid at the 3.5-year follow-up. We had 149 respondents at 3 months, 94 at 1 year and 85 at 3.5-year. Of those who participated, 72% had Long Covid at the 3-month follow-up, with 26% and 25% having persistence of Long Covid symptoms at 1-year and 3.5 years, respectively. The most reported symptoms at the 3.5-year timepoint included fatigue, difficulty sleeping and easy crashing following activities. Overall, patients' Physical Composite Scores significantly improved between the 3-month and 3.5-year timepoints. However, the Physical Composite Scores of patients with persistent Long Covid were significantly lower than those of non-Long Covid patients at both the 3-month and 1-year follow-ups. The Mental Composite Score of persistent Long Covid patients remained significantly lower than individuals without Long Covid at all timepoints. At 3 months, Long Covid disproportionately met the criteria for depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms. At 1 and 3.5 years, patients with persistent Long Covid were more likely to meet the criteria for depressive symptoms than those without Long Covid. Between the 3-months and 3.5-year timepoints, there was a significant reduction in the number of patients with persistent Long Covid who met the criteria for PTSD and anxiety symptoms. Although patients with Long Covid for 3.5 years had shown improvements in both their physical and mental health over time, they continue to lag behind those without Long Covid.
这是一项为期3.5年的单中心观察性队列研究，旨在调查长期新冠对患者身心健康的长期影响。在感染后3个月、1年和3.5年，使用12项简短调查问卷、患者健康问卷-9、广泛性焦虑症-7量表和事件影响量表修订版问卷对患者进行评估。此外，在3.5年随访时，对患有持续性长期新冠的患者进行了临床症状回顾。我们在3个月时有149名受访者，1年时有94名，3.5年时有85名。在参与的患者中，72%在3个月随访时患有长期新冠，1年和3.5年时分别有26%和25%持续存在长期新冠症状。在3.5年时间点报告最多的症状包括疲劳、睡眠困难和活动后容易崩溃。总体而言，患者的身体综合评分在3个月至3.5年时间点之间显著改善。然而，在3个月和1年随访时，患有持续性长期新冠的患者的身体综合评分显著低于非长期新冠患者。持续性长期新冠患者的心理综合评分在所有时间点均显著低于没有长期新冠的个体。在3个月时，长期新冠患者极有可能符合抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍症状的标准。在1年和3.5年时，患有持续性长期新冠的患者比没有长期新冠的患者更有可能符合抑郁症状的标准。在3个月至3.5年时间点之间，符合创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状标准的持续性长期新冠患者数量显著减少。尽管患有长期新冠3.5年的患者随着时间推移在身心健康方面都有所改善，但他们仍然落后于没有长期新冠的患者。
