Mior Sani Wan Noor Hin, Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah, Masri Khairil Azman, Yaacob Haryati, Al-Saffar Zaid Hazim
Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jun 24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36648-1.
Recently, the volume and growth of industrial as well as agricultural waste have caused environmental pollution. However, this issue can be mitigated through recycling and reutilization of such waste products. Therefore, this paper evaluated the potential of palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust as sustainable modified asphalt binders and mixtures as a substitute strategy to encourage waste recycling in road pavement construction. POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust were blended individually with asphalt grade 60/70 with varied amounts of 0% (control), 3%, 6%, and 9%. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the microstructures of raw waste materials. The physical characteristics with regard to the modified asphalt binder were determined by employing softening point, penetration, and viscosity tests. Consequently, the modified asphalt mixture was assessed using the Marshall stability test. Specifically, adding 6% POFA, 3% garnet waste, and 3% sawdust performs best in stability as a modified asphalt mixture. The correlation of stability, flow, bulk density, and stiffness for POFA-, garnet waste-, and sawdust-modified asphalt mixture was significant, with a strong coefficient of determination (R) for all Marshall stability parameters. The statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test, revealed that the percentage levels of 0%, 3%, and 6% exhibited significant differences in stability and stiffness, highlighting the optimal modification levels for enhanced mechanical performance. These findings highlight the potential of POFA, garnet, and sawdust as effective alternative additives as asphalt modifiers, contributing to sustainable road construction by promoting the use of industrial and agricultural waste materials, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing pavement performance.
近年来，工农业废弃物的数量和增长导致了环境污染。然而，通过对此类废弃物进行回收和再利用，这一问题可以得到缓解。因此，本文评估了棕榈油燃料灰（POFA）、石榴石废料和锯末作为可持续改性沥青结合料和混合料的潜力，以此作为一种替代策略，鼓励在道路路面施工中进行废弃物回收利用。将POFA、石榴石废料和锯末分别与60/70级沥青混合，添加量分别为0%（对照）、3%、6%和9%。此外，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）以及X射线衍射（XRD）对原始废料的微观结构进行分析。采用软化点、针入度和粘度试验来测定改性沥青结合料的物理特性。随后，使用马歇尔稳定度试验对改性沥青混合料进行评估。具体而言，添加6%的POFA、3%的石榴石废料和3%的锯末作为改性沥青混合料时，其稳定性表现最佳。POFA、石榴石废料和锯末改性沥青混合料的稳定度、流值、毛体积密度和劲度之间的相关性显著，所有马歇尔稳定度参数的决定系数（R）都很高。包括单因素方差分析和Tukey's HSD检验在内的统计分析表明，0%、3%和6%的添加水平在稳定度和劲度方面存在显著差异，突出了提高力学性能的最佳改性水平。这些研究结果凸显了POFA、石榴石和锯末作为沥青改性剂有效替代添加剂的潜力，通过促进工农业废料的使用、减少环境影响以及提高路面性能，为可持续道路建设做出贡献。
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