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基因组挖掘和OSMAC策略揭示了具有抗真菌活性的内生真菌ZMU-48-1的多种次生代谢产物。

Genome mining and OSMAC strategies unveil diverse secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus ZMU-48-1 with antifungal activity.

作者信息

Zheng Jiaqi, Wang Haiwen, Wang Xijing, Zeng Siyu, Yuan Siwen, Yin Tianpeng

机构信息

School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.

出版信息

Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 10;16:1604639. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1604639. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Fungal-derived bioactive natural products are a crucial resource for drug discovery; however, under standard laboratory cultivation conditions, fungi predominantly yield known and repetitively isolated metabolites. This metabolic constraint presents a major obstacle to the discovery of structurally novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing have revealed that a significant portion of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) remain silent or unexpressed under conventional culture conditions, underscoring the importance of activating these cryptic BGCs. In this study, we systematically explored the biosynthetic potential of the terrestrial-derived fungus ZMU-48-1, which was isolated from decayed leaves of Merr., by integrating genome mining with the one-strain-many-compounds (OSMAC) strategy. Whole-genome sequencing and antiSMASH analysis identified 98 BGCs, of which approximately 60% exhibited no significant homology to known clusters, highlighting their potential novelty. The optimization of culture conditions the OSMAC approach revealed that Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) supplemented with 3% NaBr, PDB supplemented with 3% sea salt, and rice solid medium were optimal for increasing metabolite diversity. Large-scale fermentation and chromatographic separation yielded 18 structurally diverse compounds, including two novel pyrrole derivatives, kyushuenines A () and B (), alongside 16 known secondary metabolites. Antifungal assays demonstrated that compound exhibited activity against (MIC = 200 μg/mL), whereas compound displayed potent inhibition of (MIC = 50 μg/mL), underscoring their potential as antifungal agents. These findings underscore the untapped chemical diversity of and its potential as a resource for drug discovery.

摘要

真菌来源的生物活性天然产物是药物发现的关键资源;然而,在标准实验室培养条件下,真菌主要产生已知且重复分离的代谢产物。这种代谢限制为发现结构新颖且具有生物活性的次生代谢产物带来了重大障碍。全基因组测序的最新进展表明,很大一部分真菌生物合成基因簇(BGCs)在传统培养条件下仍保持沉默或未表达,这凸显了激活这些隐秘BGCs的重要性。在本研究中,我们通过将基因组挖掘与“一株多化合物”(OSMAC)策略相结合,系统地探索了从梅叶腐烂叶片中分离出的陆生真菌ZMU - 48 - 1的生物合成潜力。全基因组测序和antiSMASH分析鉴定出98个BGCs,其中约60%与已知簇没有显著同源性,突出了它们潜在的新颖性。通过OSMAC方法对培养条件进行优化后发现,添加3%溴化钠的马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤(PDB)、添加3%海盐的PDB以及大米固体培养基最有利于增加代谢产物的多样性。大规模发酵和色谱分离产生了18种结构多样的化合物,包括两种新型吡咯衍生物kyushuenines A()和B(),以及16种已知的次生代谢产物。抗真菌试验表明,化合物对(MIC = 200μg/mL)具有活性,而化合物对(MIC = 50μg/mL)表现出强效抑制作用,突出了它们作为抗真菌剂的潜力。这些发现强调了未开发的化学多样性及其作为药物发现资源的潜力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c4b5/12185548/059dd52ef590/fmicb-16-1604639-g001.jpg

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