Kapur Reet, Nguyen Nam, Nguyen Trang, Alvarez Gloria Guevara, Cleland Charles M, Armstrong-Hough Mari, Shelley Donna
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Survey Center, Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
Tob Use Insights. 2025 Jun 23;18:1179173X251353030. doi: 10.1177/1179173X251353030. eCollection 2025.
The use of multiple tobacco products may increase nicotine dependence and reduce success in quitting. In Viet Nam, the prevalence of dual cigarette and waterpipe use is high, yet the characteristics of dual users, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWH) in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) are underexplored. This paper describes patterns and correlates of tobacco use among PLWH in Viet Nam.
This cross-sectional analysis utilized baseline survey data from a randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 672) were ≥ 18 years old, current cigarette smokers, and receiving care at one of 13 HIV clinics in Ha Noi. Tobacco use pattern (cigarette-only vs dual waterpipe and cigarette use) was determined by self-reported use in the past 7 days. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, household smoking rules, substance use, and perceived smoking risks were examined using bivariate analysis, with Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Pearson's Chi-sq tests used to assess statistical significance.
Half of the sample (50.3%) reported dual waterpipe and cigarette use. Dual use was significantly associated with a lower level of education, lower annual income, and poorer health compared to cigarette-only smokers. Dual users were less likely to report a no-smoking household policy, and more likely to have a higher level of nicotine dependence. Participants from both user groups perceived waterpipe smoking as less harmful compared to cigarette smoking.
There is a high prevalence of dual tobacco use among PLWH in Viet Nam. Understanding the characteristics of dual users is critical for developing comprehensive tobacco control policies and cessation strategies tailored to this population in Viet Nam and other LMICs.
使用多种烟草制品可能会增加对尼古丁的依赖，并降低戒烟成功率。在越南，同时使用香烟和水烟的情况很普遍，但对于双重使用者的特征，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）中，尚未得到充分研究。本文描述了越南艾滋病毒感染者的烟草使用模式及其相关因素。
这项横断面分析利用了一项随机对照试验的基线调查数据。参与者（n = 672）年龄≥18岁，为当前吸烟者，并在河内的13家艾滋病毒诊所之一接受治疗。烟草使用模式（仅吸烟与同时使用水烟和香烟）由过去7天的自我报告使用情况确定。使用双变量分析检查社会人口学特征、健康状况、家庭吸烟规则、物质使用和感知吸烟风险，使用Wilcoxon秩和检验和Pearson卡方检验评估统计学意义。
样本中有一半（50.3%）报告同时使用水烟和香烟。与仅吸烟的人相比，同时使用两种烟草制品与较低的教育水平、较低的年收入和较差的健康状况显著相关。双重使用者不太可能报告家庭无烟政策，且更有可能有较高的尼古丁依赖水平。两个使用者群体的参与者都认为水烟吸烟比香烟吸烟危害小。
越南艾滋病毒感染者中双重烟草使用情况很普遍。了解双重使用者的特征对于制定针对越南和其他低收入和中等收入国家这一人群的全面烟草控制政策和戒烟策略至关重要。
