Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Obtained from Farwaniya Hospital in Kuwait Using Phenotypic and Molecular Methods.

The World Health Organization has recognized as a multidrug-resistant bacterium that presents public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MDR isolates along with their susceptibility profiles and determine the genetic basis of resistance. A total of 100 isolates were cultured on MacConkey agar with various specimens from patients admitted to ICUs and wards. Species identification was performed for each isolate using the VITEK 2 system. Each isolate was tested for susceptibility to specific antibiotics by the broth microdilution method. The resistance genes were detected by molecular methods, i.e., PCR and Sangar sequencing. Among the 100 isolates tested phenotypically, 33 MDR isolates were detected. The aminoglycoside group of antibiotics showed the least resistance against , with increasing resistance to carbapenems and ciprofloxacin. The most prevalent detected genes responsible for resistance were , , , and . DNA sequencing results for the MDR isolates showed that 14 isolates had Thr-83> Ile mutation in , and 12 isolates had Ser-87>Leu mutation in genes. We conclude that the low rates of resistance to certain antibiotics, such as amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam, seem encouraging to be effective for the treatment of infections. Furthermore, the prominent mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of include mutations in and genes. These findings highlight the necessity of molecular diagnostics in guiding therapy and the potential need for broader surveillance.